Legislative Issues Related to Automated Enforcement of Red-Light Running

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Kraus ◽  
Cesar Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Legal Strategies

Red-light running is one of the leading causes of crashes in urban areas in the United States. A number of strategies are available to address this problem, including engineering countermeasures, educational campaigns, and improved law enforcement. Law enforcement agencies are increasingly relying on automated systems using photographic devices to enforce red-light-running laws. While automated enforcement systems appear to have wide public support, there is considerable confusion among drivers, engineers, planners, and decision makers as to the legality and constitutionality of those systems. The debate is particularly acute when it comes to issues such as privacy, use of information, and constitutional rights. These issues are analyzed and legal strategies are compared in states that have passed or attempted to pass legislation to regulate automated enforcement. The analysis highlights differences among states depending on their statutory laws and whether red-light violations are treated as civil or criminal offenses. The analysis reveals major differences in the way states legislate program details, which, in turn, affect program implementation. Also included is a review of current European red-light-running legislation, where automated enforcement systems have a longer history than in the United States.

Racializing Crimmigration

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amada Armenta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Jail ◽  
Colorblind Ideology ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Local Law

Deporting “criminal aliens” has become the highest priority in American immigration enforcement. Today, most deportations are achieved through the “crimmigration” system, a term that describes the convergence of the criminal justice and immigration enforcement systems. Emerging research argues that U.S. immigration enforcement is a “racial project” that subordinates and racializes Latino residents in the United States. This article examines the role of local law enforcement agencies in the racialization process by focusing on the techniques and logics that drive law enforcement practices across two agencies, I argue that local law enforcement agents racialize Latinos by punishing illegality through their daily, and sometimes mundane, practices. Investigatory traffic stops put Latinos at disproportionate risk of arrest and citation, and processing at the local jail subjects unauthorized immigrants to deportation. Although a variety of local actors sustain the deportation system, most do not see themselves as active participants in immigrant removal and they explain their behavior through a colorblind ideology. This colorblind ideology obscures and naturalizes how organizational practices and laws converge to systematically criminalize and punish Latinos in the United States.

Building Bridges Between Researchers and Police Practitioners in Small and Midsize Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 104398622199988
Author(s):  
Janice Iwama ◽  
Jack McDevitt ◽  
Robert Bieniecki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Police Agencies

Although partnerships between researchers and police practitioners have increased over the last few decades in some of the largest police agencies in the United States, very few small agencies have engaged in a partnership with a researcher. Of the 18,000 local police agencies in the United States, small agencies with less than 25 sworn officers make up about three quarters of all police agencies. To support future collaborations between researchers and smaller police agencies, like those in Douglas County, Kansas, this article identifies challenges that researchers can address and explores how these relationships can benefit small police agencies across the United States.

scholarly journals CYBERCRIME COMPARISON UNDER CRIMINAL LAW IN SOME COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Andri Winjaya Laksana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Cross Country

Cybercrime has been become a major portion for law enforcement agencies and intelligence services to both national and international matter, development of information and technology’s crime resulted in every country have a different policy of criminalization. The emphasis on cross-country has made a crime on the internet is not just a national issue, but has become an International problem. therefore it is important to have uniformity in the prevention of cybercrime that this crime can be solved. Based on the comparison of cybercrime that included the rules from various countries including the United States, Singapore, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Myanmar as a reference in the application of criminal law enforcement regulations regarding cybercrime seal the document.

scholarly journals Integrity…Courage…Honour: A Comparative Study of Law Enforcement Agencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. p119
Author(s):  
Ansia Storm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
First World ◽  
Preliminary Support

Purpose—The purpose of this paper was to compare three first-world countries’ law enforcement agencies to those of South Africa. The aim was to identify areas where South Africa’s agencies can improve to take the fighting of corruption to a higher level, and in doing so, improve their ranking on Transparency International’s scale, and their Corruption Perception Index.Design/methodology/approach—The author compared South Africa’s law enforcement agencies to those of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia to identify possible areas where South Africa’s agencies can improve.Findings—The results indicate preliminary support for areas in South Africa’s law enforcement agencies that need restructuring and improvement.Practical implications—Improved law enforcement agencies will assist in the fight against corruption, improving South Africa’s corruption perception index (among others), which might encourage foreign investment.Originality/value—The results of this study point to opportunities to strengthen law enforcement agencies in South Africa, which will result in improved crime-fighting abilities, higher prosecution rates, and improved crime statistics.Research limitations—Law enforcement agencies (which deals with corruption in general) from the USA, the U.K., and Australia will be explored and compared with those of South Africa.

scholarly journals A New State of Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Davina Shanti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
New Research

Organized crime is often associated with traditional criminal groups, such as the mafia or outlaw motorcycle gangs; however, new research suggests that cybercrime is emerging as a new branch of organized crime. This paper is focused on the changing nature of organized crime and the factors that influence this shift, particularly in the online space. It will address the question: Can the law identify cybercrime as organized crime? The results of this paper are informed by an in-depth analysis of peer-reviewed articles from Canada, the United States (US), and Europe. This paper concludes that cybercrime groups are structured and operate similarly to traditional organized crime groups and should, therefore, be classified as a part of traditional organized crime; however, cybercrime groups are capable of conducting illicit activities that surpass those typically associated with traditional organized crime. This shift suggests that these groups may represent a larger threat creating a new challenge for law enforcement agencies.

Using Focus Groups to Investigate Issues of Red Light Running

2000 ◽  
Vol 1734 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Wissinger ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Joseph S. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Grace Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Red Light Cameras

Red light running (RLR) has been an important issue among transportation officials seeking to make intersections safer for drivers and pedestrians. Many cities in the United States have started programs aimed at reducing the number of red light violations, and many of these programs include the use of automated enforcement utilizing a camera to record violations. Previous research on such enforcement has quantified the rate of its public acceptance through surveys; however, little research has been performed probing the reactions and concerns of the public toward red light cameras. For this study, focus groups were used to investigate the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the public toward RLR and red light cameras. Fifteen focus groups were held throughout North Carolina with representatives from organizations interested in and knowledgeable about traffic safety, traffic engineering, and traffic law enforcement, as well as with people not professionally involved in law enforcement or traffic engineering. Some of the focus group discussions involved such issues as determining an appropriate RLR grace period, developing an educational campaign, addressing financial issues, and determining appropriate penalties for RLR violations. Participants voiced their opinions on both sides of the issues; for instance, many participants said they strongly believed there should be some sort of grace period with automated enforcement, whereas others said they felt a zero-tolerance policy should be used. Also, many participants voiced their unequivocal support for automated enforcement, whereas others expressed concerns.

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