Improving Traffic Safety: A New Systems Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sany R. Zein ◽  
Francis P. D. Navin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Road User ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual

A guiding principle of modern traffic safety professionals attempting to reduce the risks associated with traffic is to holistically address traffic safety as a multidisciplinary partnership issue. The systems approach focuses on the relationships and dependencies between the various elements of the traffic system. The C3-R3 Systems Approach to traffic safety is introduced; the building blocks of the C3-R3 approach are three entities (the road user, the vehicle, and the road environment), three pre-crash timeline phases (creation, cultivation, and conduct), and three postcrash timeline phases (response, recovery, and reflection). This approach is proposed as a framework for multidisciplinary traffic safety professionals to research traffic safety issues in an integrated, systematic manner. The C3-R3 approach provides an enhanced systematic framework that more clearly identifies the stages at which traffic safety professionals can intervene to promote road safety. The graphical representation of the C3-R3 system, as presented, emphasizes the convergence of the entities as the timeline proceeds toward a crash event and their subsequent redivergence in the postcrash timeline. Every combination of entity and timeline phase represents a cell in the C3-R3 system; the contents of each cell represent the individual elements that traffic safety professionals need to focus on and understand in order to reduce the crash risk. The C3-R3 Systems Approach represents a starting point to encapsulate the systems approach concepts in traffic safety. It is expected that as more professionals adopt systems thinking, the C3-R3 approach will continue to evolve, expand, and improve.

SOME TRAFFIC SAFETY ISSUES AT UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
V. Volkov ◽  
E. Nabatnikova ◽  
E. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Hourly Interval ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Speed Mode

The groups of participants of the pedestrian and automobile flows, whose actions cause the greatest danger to the occurrence of conflict situations in the zone of unregulated transition, are identified. The factors determining the likelihood of a traffic accident at an unregulated transition are systematized, for which probability estimates of the occurrence of road traffic accidents are calculated. As an estimated parameter, the hazard coefficient of a conflict point of an unregulated transition is proposed, which is determined by the ratio of the probability of a traffic accident in the real-time hourly interval to the average annual probability of a traffic accident reduced to the hourly interval. The dependences of the hazard ratio of an unregulated transition are established on the most significant factors: the speed mode of transport in the area before the transition and the state of the road surface.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

ALGORITHMIC SUPPORT FOR SELECTING OPTIMAL TRAFFIC ROUTE OF MOTOR CONVOY OF RAPID REACTION BORDER COMMAND POST

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
O. Borovyk ◽  
V. Kupelskiy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
The Road ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Speed Function

The rapid response border commandant's office is a structural unit of the border detachment, designed to protect and strengthen the protection of a certain section of the state border, and must quickly redeploy its forces and assets. The success of the tasks assigned to the unit depends largely on the timeliness of arrival at the destination. Operational transportation of a significant amount of weapons, personnel and dissimilar cargoes on land is carried out using equipment. At the preparatory stage of the organization of transportation, the problem of forming the optimal composition of the convoy of equipment is solved. The existing road network provides a sufficiently large number of traffic routes between the starting and ending points. Moreover, this takes place even for insignificant distances between points of departure and destination. The specified conditions for multivariance in the selection. In addition, the choice of the route of movement depends on many auxiliary conditions: driver training, technical characteristics and reliability of vehicles, traffic safety, road and environmental conditions, distance and timing of transportation, and the like. Poor accounting of these factors in the aggregate may lead to the choice of an irrational route of movement, will not ensure the timely arrival of the unit at the destination, and may lead to the failure to fulfill certain tasks. Therefore, the task of choosing the optimal route of movement of the column of equipment is relevant. At the substantive level, the task looks like the justification of the mathematical model for choosing the optimal route for the column of equipment, if the criterion of optimality is minimizing the time it takes to move from the starting point to the destination. The authors formed a mathematical model of the given problem, proposed an algorithm for its solution for three cases: discrete-stochastic, discretely-determined and continuously-indefinite, and the corresponding software was developed. The choice of routes is carried out for three options, taking into account the fact that the change in the weights of the ribs can be carried out: at times when the column is at a certain vertex of the graph, and the update of the matrix of weights is carried out precisely at these moments. This is the case when a decision on the further route of movement is formed at the road branching points, taking into account the situation, the status of individual sections changes dynamically and data for which appears periodically; at times when the column is at a certain vertex of the graph, and for these moments, the matrix of weights that will occur when the column hits the vertex are known in advance. This is the case when a decision on the route of movement can be formed at the beginning of the movement, taking into account the known situation on the state of the roads, dynamically change, but data on which can be taken into account in advance; randomly depending on the speed of the column at a fixed point in time for which the column speed function is known.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL PLANS AND TECHNICAL DESIGNS WITH REGARD TO TRAFFIC SAFETY

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Vilma Jasiūnienė ◽  
Mantas Bartkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Road Safety Audit ◽  
Road Safety Audits ◽  
Made In

Traffic safety situation in Lithuania, despite the progress made in 2008, is still not good enough compared to the other European Union countries. Therefore, Lithuania implements the traffic safety improvement measures affecting all the elements of the traffic safety system “Road user‐road‐vehicle”. In 2008 Lithuania started implementing the road safety audit procedure which substantially contributes to the improvement of safety situation on Lithuanian roads. This article gives the analysis of road safety audits of special plans and technical designs for road construction and reconstruction in Lithuania, makes the analysis of the main deficiencies of plans and designs and gives recommendations for their elimination. Santrauka Eismo saugumo situacija Lietuvoje, nepaisant 2008 m. pasiektos pažangos, vis dar yra nepakankamai gera, palyginti su kitomis Europos Sąjungos šalimis. Atsižvelgiant į tai, Lietuvoje įgyvendinamos eismo saugumo gerinimo priemonės, darančios įtaką visiems eismo saugumo sistemos „Eismo dalyvis–kelias–transporto priemonė“ elementams. Lietuvoje 2008 m. buvo pradėta taikyti kelių saugumo audito procedūra, kuri prisideda prie eismo saugumo gerinimo Lietuvos automobilių keliuose. Straipsnyje pateikta Lietuvoje atliktų specialiųjų planų ir automobilių kelių tiesimo bei rekonstrukcijos techninių projektų kelių saugumo auditų analizė, išanalizuoti pagrindiniai planų ir projektų trūkumai, pateiktos rekomendacijos jiems šalinti.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa E Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

Hazard Perception in Driving

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Age Related ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

Hazard perception in driving refers to a driver’s ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations on the road ahead and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. It is typically measured using computer-based hazard-perception tests and has been associated with both retrospective and prospective crash risk, as well as key crash-risk factors such as distraction, fatigue, alcohol consumption, speed choice, and age-related declines. It can also differentiate high- and lower-risk driver groups. The problem is that it is also a skill that appears to take decades of driving experience to acquire. This raises the question of whether it is possible and practical to accelerate this learning process via assessment and training in order to improve traffic safety. We have evidence that, in contrast to most driver education and assessment interventions, hazard-perception testing and training appear to have the capability to reduce crash risk. For example, the inclusion of a hazard-perception test in the UK driver licensing process has been estimated to reduce drivers’ non-low-speed public-road crash rates by 11.3% in the year following their test.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State of the Road Traffic Safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
K. Ibrayev ◽  
A. Ibrayev ◽  
D. Kapskiy ◽  
Y. Kot ◽  
A. Rybinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of the study of the road traffic safety on the automobile roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We performed the analysis of the main indicators, specifying the state of the road traffic safety on the automobile roads of the republican significance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In many regulatory acts, such as “The Priority Action Plan for Improving the Road Traffic Safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017–2020”, developed with the support of the Asian Development Bank, and in the “National Concept of Road Traffic Safety” project as well , developed by the Interdepartmental Research Institute called “The Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies” of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the urgent need to improve road traffic safety is clearly pointed. At the same time, it is necessary to have the information about the extent of the existing problem in the field of road traffic safety, which is ensured by the constant consideration and analysis of the statistical indicators, as well as by planning appropriate measures aimed at correcting the situation and achieving planned indicators in the framework of, for example, the national concept of road traffic safety. Currently, statistics on road traffic accidents, occurring in Kazakhstan, are published by the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounting. However in the current situation, this is not enough, especially since the ARC MIID of the Republic of Kazakhstan outlined the program of actions aimed at eliminating the existing shortcomings in the field of the road traffic safety and significant improving its indicators. The analytical investigation of the status of the road traffic safety on the roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. This will become a kind of starting point in the consistent work in this direction, which will provide the interested parties, first of all the experts, with the high-quality and reliable information about the main figures, characterizing the state of safety of the road users. Based on objective accident data, it is possible to take the effective measures aimed at improving the situation on the roads of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Traffic Conflicts as a Tool for Sustainable Road Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7198
Author(s):  
Vladislav Krivda ◽  
Jan Petru ◽  
David Macha ◽  
Kristyna Plocova ◽  
David Fibich
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Road User ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents an approach to partially solving an issue within the scope of sustainable road transport, specifically the issue of potential accidents, i.e., traffic conflicts. First, a method is introduced for the analysis of traffic conflicts using video equipment. The attention is focused on traffic conflicts that occur at turbo-roundabouts. Given the diversity of causes of traffic conflicts, the emphasis is placed on the correct identification of the cause, i.e., whether the conflict is caused only by the negligence of the road user, or whether the conflict is more or less influenced by an inappropriately designed turbo-roundabout or one or more of its specific building elements (e.g., unsuitable corner radius). The next part of the article presents a selection of results that were obtained from analyses performed at about 100 turbo-roundabouts in nine European countries. Illustrative diagrams show the courses of the emergence of traffic conflicts, the causes of which are then described in detail. The conclusions from these analyses confirm the main hypothesis that the evaluation of traffic conflicts should be an essential part of designing roads, in order to increase traffic safety and, importantly, contribute to sustainable transport.

AGING AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: AN IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS COME

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Juzwishin ◽  
Heather McNeil ◽  
Jeonghoon Ahn ◽  
Yingyao Chen ◽  
Americo Cicchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Individual

Objectives:With the increase in technologies to support an aging population, health technology assessment (HTA) of aging-related technologies warrants special consideration. At Health Technology Assessment international (HTAi) 2016 and HTAi 2017, an international panel explored interests in HTA focused on aging.Methods:Panelists from five countries shared the state of aging and HTA in their countries. Opportunities were provided for participants to discuss and rate the themes identified by the panelists.Results:In 2016, the highest ranked themes were: (i) identifying unmet needs of older adults that could be met by technology—how can HTA help?; (ii) differences in assessment of aging-related technologies—what is the scope?; and (iii) involvement of older adults and caregivers. These themes became the starting point for discussion in 2017, for which the highest ranked themes were: (i) identification of challenges in HTA and aging; and (ii) approaches to advancing effectiveness of HTA for aging.Conclusion:These discussions allowed for examination of future directions for HTA and aging: engagement of older adults to inform the agenda of HTA and the broader public policy enterprise; a systems approach to thinking about needs of older persons should support the type and level of care desired by the individual rather than the health institutions, and HTA should reflect these desires when evaluating technological aides; and there is potential for health information systems and “big data” to support HTA activities that assess usability of technologies for older adults. We hope to build on the momentum of this community to continue exploring opportunities for aging and HTA.

scholarly journals Utilitarian Cycling in Belgium: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Regular Cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas de Geus ◽  
Bart Degraeuwe ◽  
Grégory Vandenbulcke ◽  
Luc Int Panis ◽  
Isabelle Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Background:For an accurate estimation of health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling, a prospective collection of bicycle usage data (exposure) is fundamental. Individual and environmental correlates are necessary to guide health promotion and traffic safety issues. Firstly, this study aims to report on utilitarian bicycle usage in Belgium, using a prospective data collection in regular adult commuter cyclists. Secondly, the association is explored between the individual variation in bicycle usage and individual and environmental correlates.Methods:1187 regular adult cyclists filled out travel diaries prospectively. Multivariate linear regression with Stepwise selection (SMLR) models studied the association between exposure and individual and environmental correlates.Results:Higher age and availability of cycle paths have a positive association with bicycle usage to work. Women cycle significant less compared with men, and so do cyclists with ‘poor’ or ‘average’ health. Living in an urban crown (opposed to city center) and living in Flanders (opposed to Brussels or Wallonia) is associated with significantly more cycling.Conclusions:Utilitarian cycling is related to regional differences, level of urbanization of the place of residence, availability of bicycle paths, and gender. These findings are useful in estimating health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling among regular Belgian cyclists.

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