Evaluation of Pedestrian Data Needs and Collection Efforts

2003 ◽  
Vol 1828 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne D. Cottrell ◽  
Dharminder Pal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Research was done to evaluate the extent to which the pedestrian data collection efforts of transportation agencies in the United States are addressing pedestrian safety factors. There was also consideration of how pedestrian data collection can be improved to facilitate the monitoring of these factors. Fifteen pedestrian safety issues are identified based on a literature review and examination of pedestrian–vehicle crashes in Utah. A 2001 survey of U.S. transportation agencies indicated that 45 (75%) of the 60 respondents were counting pedestrians at various locations. Hand counting, the recording of push-button use, and video cameras were methods used to collect data. Automated systems, such as position sensors and image processing, were not used to count pedestrians. The use of advanced data collection technologies is not critical to the resolution of pedestrian safety concerns, although permanent counting installations might increase data collection efficiency. Only 4 of the 15 pedestrian safety issues were specifically being addressed by the agencies’ data collection efforts. Their existing methods could, however, be used to target seven additional safety factors. The development of a pedestrian data monitoring guide is recommended; an outline is proposed. Several agencies admitted that pedestrian volumes did not affect their pedestrian treatments. Evidently, some transportation agencies could benefit from direction on how to relate pedestrian demand and behavior data to safety improvements.

HONORIFIC CIA-CIA LANGUAGE IN BURU DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSIATI
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
And Behavior

The word 'politeness' can be interpreted as 'politeness'. Although often aligned and paired, polite words and polite words have different meanings. The Big Indonesian Dictionary defines the word polite as respectful and reverent and orderly according to good tradition. Meanwhile, the word courtesy means the subtle and kind nature of his language and behavior. Thus, manners can be interpreted as the nature of respect, orderly to the prevailing norms, smooth and kind language, and good behavior. Therefore, someone who has good manners is someone who is respectful, obedient to the prevailing norms, refined and well-mannered, and has good behavior. This study aims to describe the ambiguity of the Indonesian language used by Cia-cia districk Buru. This type of research is qualitative research that is naturally or in the context of a wholeness. by using descriptive collected in the form of words and not numbers. The data in this study are data that contain ambiguity using the theories of experts when analyzing. Data collection techniques namely after describing the form of words and phrases in Indonesian written by students after that are analyzed according to theory. the results showed that in students' essays there were words and phrases that contained ambiguity.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

Intersectionality, Black Youth and Political Activism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hill Collins
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Youth Activism ◽  
The Political ◽  
And Behavior

For youth who are Black, Indigenous, female, or poor, coming of age within societies characterized by social inequalities presents special challenges. Yet despite the significance of being young within socially unjust settings, age as a category of analysis remains undertheorized within studies of political activism. This essay therefore draws upon intersectionality and generational analyses as two useful and underutilized approaches for analyzing the political agency of Black youth in the United States with implications for Black youth more globally. Intersectional analyses of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power help explain how and why intersecting oppressions fall more heavily on young people who are multiply disadvantaged within these systems of power. Generational analysis suggests that people who share similar experiences when they are young, especially if such experiences have a direct impact on their lives, develop a generational sensibility that may shape their political consciousness and behavior. Together, intersectionality and generational analyses lay a foundation for examining youth activism as essential to understanding how young people resist intersecting oppressions of racism, heteropatriarchy, class exploitation, and colonialism.

scholarly journals Duodenoscope Medical Device Reports Associated with Patient Infection, Patient Exposure, or Device Contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s196-s197
Author(s):  
Jian Connell ◽  
Shanil Haugen ◽  
Ann Ferriter
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Device User ◽  
Infection Patient ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Patient Infection

Background: Each year, the FDA receives more than a million reports of suspected device-associated deaths, serious injuries, and malfunctions. Medical device reports (MDRs) are submitted to the FDA by mandatory reporters (manufacturers, importers, and device user facilities) and voluntary reporters such as healthcare professionals, patients, and consumers. The FDA uses MDRs to monitor device performance, including monitoring reports of infection or device contamination to detect potential device-related safety issues and to share this information in public communications. In this analysis, the FDA presents MDRs for duodenoscopes, which are a type of flexible endoscope that have been associated with infections in patients. Methods: For this analysis, we searched the MDR database for duodenoscope reports submitted between January 2015 and July 1, 2019. MDRs were classified into clinical risk categories based on the MDR’s text narratives as patient infection (indicated the presence of infection in patients potentially transmitted by the device), patient exposure (indicated a contaminated device has been used in a patient, but the MDR lacks clear mention of patient infection), or device contamination (indicated that the device was contaminated, but no mention of device use in patients or patient infection). Results: Overall, 1,115 duodenoscope reports related to a patient infection, patient exposure, or device contamination for devices marketed inside and outside the United States were received from January 2015 to mid-2019. Among them, 79 MDRs were received for deaths in patient infection, patient exposure, or device contamination reports. The number of reported infections decreased from 247 MDRs in 2015 to 55 MDRs in the first half of 2019. Furthermore, the number of reported deaths decreased from 25 MDRs in 2015 to 2 MDRs reported in the first half of 2019. Conclusions: The MDR data indicate a decrease in the number of reported infections. The decrease in infections suggests that efforts to reduce the risk of infection from duodenoscopes have yielded improvements; however, additional improvements are necessary to further decrease the risk of infection.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Bringing Older Adults to the Table: Opportunities for Consumer Engagement in Planning and Policy Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
Alice Prendergast ◽  
Kristi Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Design Data

Abstract Efforts to include community voice in health policy and service planning are gaining recognition and support in the United States. Findings suggest community involvement can contribute to a better understanding of systems and factors that impact health, and, subsequently, more effective and sustainable policy and program design. Additionally, engagement can increase community buy-in, and community members can gain a greater awareness of services; increased confidence navigating systems; feelings of social connectedness; and capacity to advocate around issues through participation. Despite these findings, the extent to which community members are engaged in planning and decision-making varies considerably. Researchers from Georgia State University conducted a review of state plans on aging using the Person-Centered Outcomes Research Initiative (PCORI) Engagement Principles and the Health Research & Educational Trust’s Community and Patient Engagement Spectrum as frameworks to assess evidence of community engagement. The frameworks recognize engagement throughout the planning process, including design, data collection and interpretation, and dissemination. The review revealed that few planning processes described significant engagement, but rather met the minimal requirements established by federal policy. Federal guidance on community-informed planning practices is sparse, as are resources to support states in adopting these processes. To address this gap, the research team drew on the frameworks and other promising practices to design two community engagement projects, both in partnership with Georgia’s Division of Aging Services. Methods for participant engagement, data collection, interpretation and application of results, and lessons learned through both projects will be discussed, as well as potential implications.

Risk perception and awareness of earthquake: the case of Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lutfur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Earthquake Preparedness ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Seismic Risk Perception ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose Among the many studies about risk perception, only a few deal with Bangladesh. Paul and Bhuiyan’s (2010) study has shown the earthquake-preparedness level of residents of Dhaka, but there are some biases in the data collection. This paper aims to examine the seismic-risk perception and the level of knowledge on earthquake and preparedness among the residents of Dhaka. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was developed, and data collection was undertaken through home and sidewalk surveys. This paper investigates how attitude, perception and behavior differ depending on gender, age, education and casualty awareness. This research tries to examine and make a comparison of the risk perception and preparedness level between different groups of gender, age and level of education. Findings This research shows that female respondents have a much better risk perception of and are better prepared for earthquakes than male respondents; younger people have a higher knowledge about earthquake preparedness than older people and less-educated people are at a higher risk of unpreparedness than more-educated people. Research limitations/implications This research is only limited to the Dhaka Division. Originality/value This paper concludes by noting that public awareness on seismic-risk perception and mitigation is poor, and their knowledge on basic theory and emergency response must be improved.

scholarly journals A Transatlantic Secular Divide? The Representation of Religion in EU and US Foreign Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Jenichen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIt is a common—often stereotypical—presumption that Europe is secular and America religious. Differences in international religious freedom and religious engagement policies on both sides of the Atlantic seem to confirm this “cliché.” This article argues that to understand why it has been easier for American supporters to institutionalize these policies than for advocates in the EU, it is important to consider the discursive structures of EU and US foreign policies, which enable and constrain political language and behavior. Based on the analysis of foreign policy documents, produced by the EU and the United States in their relationship with six religiously diverse African and Asian states, the article compares how both international actors represent religion in their foreign affairs. The analysis reveals similarities in the relatively low importance that they attribute to religion and major differences in how they represent the contribution of religion to creating and solving problems in other states. In sum, the foreign policies of both international actors are based on a secular discursive structure, but that of the United States is much more accommodative toward religion, including Islam, than that of the EU.

Values of Voluntary Simplicity: Lifestyle and Motivation

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Shama ◽  
Joseph Wisenblit
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voluntary Simplicity ◽  
Ecological Responsibility ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
And Behavior

This paper describes the relation between values and behavior of a new life style, that of voluntary simplicity which is characterized by low consumption, self-sufficiency, and ecological responsibility. Also, specific hypotheses regarding the motivation for voluntary simplicity and adoption in two areas of the United States were tested. Analysis shows (a) values of voluntary simplicity and behaviors are consistent, (b) the motivation for voluntary simplicity includes personal preference and economic hardship, and (c) adoption of voluntary simplicity is different in the Denver and New York City metropolitan areas.

Effects of HIV/AIDS Public Service Announcements On Attitude and Behavior: Interplay of Perceived Threat and Self-Efficacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueman (Mandy) Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
T. Makana Chock
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

We examined how perceived threat affected attitude and behavior toward condom use with main and nonmain partners, among at-risk young adults with varying levels of self-efficacy. Participants were 170 heterosexually active, single students at a northeastern university in the United States. Exposure to HIV/AIDS public service announcements was found to increase perceived susceptibility, which facilitated a positive attitude toward condom use with main partners but not with nonmain partners. High self-efficacy promoted a positive attitude toward condom use with main partners, and condom use with main and nonmain partners. The interaction effects revealed that high, compared to low, self-efficacy motivated more condom use with main and nonmain partners when perceived susceptibility was lower.

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