Comparison of Morning and Evening Commutes in the Vickrey Bottleneck Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 1807 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Palma ◽  
Robin Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic User Equilibrium ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Bottleneck Model ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Deterministic Dynamic ◽  
Traveler Heterogeneity

Dynamic user equilibrium has received considerable theoretical attention for morning peak-period travel but very little for the evening peak. In an attempt to redress this imbalance, morning and evening travel are characterized and compared by using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. To focus ideas, it is assumed that morning and evening travel differ in just one respect: scheduling preferences for the morning are defined in terms of arrival time at work, whereas preferences for the evening are defined in terms of departure time from work. Sufficient conditions are identified for the existence and uniqueness of a deterministic dynamic user equilibrium in terms of departure times for the morning and evening peaks. These conditions, which go well beyond previous work, involve relatively general assumptions about the schedule delay cost functions for morning and evening and essentially no restrictions on the degree of heterogeneity in trip-timing preferences of travelers. Plausibility of the conditions is examined in light of the limited empirical evidence. A numerical example is developed at length to illustrate the importance of traveler heterogeneity and the extent of differences between morning and evening in the time pattern of departures and aggregate travel costs.

An Iterative Algorithm to Determine the Dynamic User Equilibrium in a Traffic Simulation Model

1998 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gawron
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Iterative Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic User Equilibrium ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Dynamic Version ◽  
The Stability

An iterative algorithm to determine the dynamic user equilibrium with respect to link costs defined by a traffic simulation model is presented. Each driver's route choice is modeled by a discrete probability distribution which is used to select a route in the simulation. After each simulation run, the probability distribution is adapted to minimize the travel costs. Although the algorithm does not depend on the simulation model, a queuing model is used for performance reasons. The stability of the algorithm is analyzed for a simple example network. As an application example, a dynamic version of Braess's paradox is studied.

scholarly journals Commute Equilibrium for Mixed Networks with Autonomous Vehicles and Traditional Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangbeibei Ji ◽  
Mingwei Xu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Chaowu Tan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Queuing Delay ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Mixed Networks

Recent development of autonomous vehicle (AV) provides new travel opportunities for citizens, and traditional vehicles (TVs) will still be used for a long time. Therefore, it is highly possible that both AVs and TVs will be used as travel modes in a city. In a transportation system with both AVs and TVs, the traffic pattern is worthy of studying. This paper investigates user equilibrium traffic pattern based on the traditional bottleneck model considering AVs and TVs. For both TVs and AVs, travel costs include queuing delay and schedule delay. However, they also have different components of travel costs; more specifically, for AVs, passengers have to pay a riding fare, and, for TVs, travelers encounter a walking time cost after parking their cars. For different combinations of travel demands and riding fare of AVs, analytical solutions of three different user equilibrium traffic patterns are obtained. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the analytical models. Sensitivity analyses are examined to show the impacts of AV’s time-dependent fee and trip-based fixed fee on the traffic pattern and travel costs.

scholarly journals Dynamic User Equilibrium of Mobility-on-Demand System with Linear Programming Rebalancing Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongsheng Chen ◽  
Michael W. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Assignment ◽  
Dynamic Traffic Assignment ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
Dynamic User Equilibrium ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
On Demand

Mobility-on-demand (MoD) services are provided by multiple competing companies. In their competition for travelers, they need to provide minimum travel costs, or travelers will switch to competitors. This study developed a dynamic traffic assignment of MoD systems. A static traffic assignment (STA) model is first defined. When demand is asymmetric, empty rebalancing trips are required to move vehicles to traveler origins, and the optimal rebalancing flows are found by a linear program. Because of the time-dependent nature of traveler demand, the model was converted to dynamic traffic assignment (DTA). The method of successive averages, which is provably convergent for STA, was used to find dynamic user equilibrium (DUE). The simulation was conducted on two networks. The MoD system was simulated with different fleet sizes and demands. The results showed that the average total delay and travel distance decreased with the increase in fleet size whereas the average on-road travel time increased with the fleet size. The result of traffic assignment of one network with MoD system was compared with a network where all travelers use private vehicles. The results showed that the network with MoD system created more trips but less traffic congestion.

Departure Time Choice Equilibrium and Tolling Strategies for a Bottleneck with Stochastic Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Long ◽  
Hai Yang ◽  
W. Y. Szeto
Keyword(s):  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Bottleneck Model ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Stochastic Capacity ◽  
Departure Time Choice

This paper develops a bottleneck model in which the capacity of the bottleneck is assumed to be stochastic and follow a general distribution that has a positive upper bound. The user equilibrium principle in terms of mean trip cost is adopted to formulate commuters’ departure time choice in the stochastic bottleneck. We find that there exist five possible equilibrium departure patterns, which depend on both commuters’ unit costs of travel time, schedule delay early and late, and the uncertainty of the stochastic capacity of the bottleneck. All possible equilibrium departure patterns are analytically derived. Both the analytical and numerical results show that increasing the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck leads to an increase of commuters’ individual mean trip cost. In addition, both a time-varying toll scheme and a single-step coarse toll scheme are designed within the proposed stochastic bottleneck model. We provide an analytical method to determine the detailed toll-charging schemes for both toll strategies. The numerical results show that the proposed toll schemes can indeed improve the efficiency of the stochastic bottleneck in terms of decreasing mean total social cost, and the time-varying toll scheme is more efficient than the single-step coarse toll scheme. However, as the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck increases, the efficiency of the time-varying toll scheme decreases, whereas the efficiency of the single-step coarse toll scheme fluctuates slightly.

scholarly journals On the Impact of HOT Lane Tolling Strategies on Total Traffic Level

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Sibdari ◽  
Mansoureh Jeihani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Dynamic Strategy ◽  
Traffic Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Occupancy Toll

This paper shows how tolling (or pricing) strategies can be used to control the congestion levels of both untolled and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. Using a user-equilibrium method, the paper calculates the number of travelers on each route during the peak period and provides a numerical analysis that determines the distribution of travelers for different tolling strategies. It shows that with the right tolling strategy some travelers who initially plan to use the untolled lane during the peak period will change both their routes (i.e., select the HOT lane) and departure times (i.e., depart earlier or later). Using this result, the paper compares static and dynamic pricing strategies and shows that with a dynamic strategy a larger profit can be earned and congestion reduced in the untolled lane.

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