Modeling Individuals’ Activity-Travel Rescheduling Heuristics: Theory and Numerical Experiments

2002 ◽  
Vol 1807 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hyeon Joh ◽  
Theo Arentze ◽  
Harry Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Combinatorial Problem ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
The Face ◽  
Actual Decision

Previously, a theory of activity-travel rescheduling decisions was developed. This theory left open the problem of how individuals deal with the combinatorial problem of a very large solution space. Based on the argument that an appropriate algorithm should also be interpreted as a representation of an actual decision-making process, such an algorithm for activity-travel rescheduling is proposed here. Details are described, and a numerical illustration is provided to explore the face validity of the proposed algorithm.

13. The nature of judicial review

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-308
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Public Bodies

Judicial review is a procedure whereby the courts determine the lawfulness of the exercise of executive power. It is concerned with the legality of the decision-making process as opposed to the merits of the actual decision. Thus it is supervisory rather than appellate. Emphasis is also placed on the fact that the jurisdiction exists to control the exercise of power by public bodies. This chapter discusses the supervisory jurisdiction of the courts, procedural reform, the rule in O’Reilly v Mackman, the public law/private law distinction, collateral challenge, and exclusion of judicial review. The procedure for making a claim for judicial review under the Civil Procedural Rules (CPR) 54 is outlined.

13. The nature of judicial review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
Actual Decision

Judicial review is a procedure whereby the courts determine the lawfulness of the exercise of executive power. It is concerned with the legality of the decision-making process as opposed to the merits of the actual decision. Thus it is supervisory rather than appellate. This chapter discusses the supervisory jurisdiction of the courts, procedural reform, the rule in O’Reilly v Mackman, the public law/private law distinction, collateral challenge, and exclusion of judicial review. The procedure for making a claim for judicial review under the Civil Procedural Rules (CPR) 54 is considered.

The need for a comprehensive facility decision-making process

Facilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Carl Backus ◽  
Jakob C. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Physical Assets

Purpose The facility decision-making process (FDMP), as described in this paper, is a framework based on decades of proven effectiveness in analogous military applications. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate key factors which justify the need for the FDMP before describing the FDMP. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts a literature review as it relates to facilities specific decision-making, puts forward a new concept for those processes and provides an abridged case study of the concept in application. Findings Facilities management is a key function for nearly every type of business or enterprise. As part of facilities management, many decisions are made about physical assets that a business or enterprise owns or maintains. Currently, there is no uniform decision-making framework, in literature or in practice, which enables consistency, robustness and scalability for facility management decisions. Such a framework would enable facility managers to effectively justify decisions related to capital and operational expenses. Practical implications The FDMP provides a robust procedure for facilities managers and engineers that enables enhanced strength in the face of business enterprise scrutiny as compared with the often-intuitive decision-making processes currently used in practice. Originality/value This novel conceptual process articulates the opportunity to provide for a comprehensive facilities decision-making process that enables better decisions especially as it relates to what are often ill-defined problem sets in facilities management.

At the Threshold of Dissolution: the National Liberals and Bismarck 1877/1878

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
John F. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practical Question ◽  
Actual Decision

Allied to Bismarck and more national than liberal, the National Liberal party split the liberal movement and became the largest and most successful party in Germany from 1867 to 1879. But it acted singularly ineffectively when it plunged headlong into the greatest crisis of its history by failing to support tax legislation during a year-long negotiation with Bismarck begun in the summer of 1877. For one thing, the party focused its attention on a single issue when many were at stake, any one of which could have been an obstacle to an agreement with Bismarck. Secondly, although its factions had continually demonstrated their willingness to reach unanimity, these agreements had taken so long to develop and lasted so briefly that in effect the party spent the greater part of a critical year in opposition to Bismarck. Furthermore, by weakening the degree of its commitments in response to Bismarck's hostility towards its demands, the National Liberal party appeared indecisive, unreliable and deceptive. The issue which had produced this inept behaviour was the implementation of the party goal of maintaining parliamentary power in Germany, specifically of assuring to the Reichstag the right to vote annually the sources of the revenue of the imperial government. The story of that issue is the concern of this article. It argues that knowledge of the tensions generated by divergent principles and goals on parliamentary rights will clarify both the schismatic tendencies and the character of the National Liberal party in the later 1870s. Thus the proper assessment of the role that the issue played in the history of the party requires that the actual decision-making process be counted at least equally with agreements. Whether continual co-operation among National Liberals on parliamentary rights was based upon increased hostility or cordiality has remained the critical and unanswered practical question.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL ALTERNATIVE SELECTION MODELS IN A MULTI-STAGE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Oksana Mulesa ◽  
Vitaliy Snytyuk ◽  
Ivan Myronyuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
High Level

Management decision-making tasks are usually characterized by a high level of uncertainty. When solving this class of problems, it is necessary to take into account the environmental conditions for the implementation of the decisions made and the consequences that may arise in this case. The decision-making task in the face of uncertainty can be represented in the form of a “game with nature”, in which the optimal player strategy is sought. A two-stage decision-making process is considered, in which at each stage the decision-making problem is solved in conditions of risk. The case is supposed in which, after making a decision at the first stage, choosing an effective alternative and the onset of a certain state of nature, it is necessary to solve the decision-making problem of the second stage. Decision-making models based on well-known decision models of the “game with nature” are proposed. The developed models allow in the process of choosing an effective alternative to the first stage to assess the possible consequences of such a choice, taking into account the expectations of the decision maker. In the course of experimental verification, it is shown that the developed decision-making models can be used to solve such multi-stage problems, the phased solution of which is incorrect. This may occur due to the fact that some of their stages are associated with certain losses, and others – with profit. In such situations, it is advisable to consider the problem as a whole and at each stage, take into account all available information as much as possible.

scholarly journals ‘I treat it but I don’t know what this disease is’: a qualitative study on noma (cancrum oris) and traditional healing in northwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Farley ◽  
Hussaina Muhammad Bala ◽  
Annick Lenglet ◽  
Ushma Mehta ◽  
Nura Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cancrum Oris ◽  
The Face ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Noma, a neglected disease mostly affecting children, with a 90% mortality rate if untreated, is an orofacial gangrene that disintegrates the tissues of the face in <1 wk. Noma can become inactive with early stage antibiotic treatment. Traditional healers, known as mai maganin gargajiya in Hausa, play an important role in the health system and provide care to noma patients. Methods We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with caretakers who were looking after noma patients admitted at the Noma Children's Hospital and 15 traditional healers in their home villages in Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. We explored perceptions of noma, relationship dynamics, healthcare practices and intervention opportunities. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and translated. Manual coding and thematic analysis were utilised. Results Traditional healers offered specialised forms of care for specific conditions and referral guidance. They viewed the stages of noma as different conditions with individualised remedies and were willing to refer noma patients. Caretakers trusted traditional healers. Conclusions Traditional healers could play a crucial role in the early detection of noma and the health-seeking decision-making process of patients. Intervention programmes should include traditional healers through training and referral partnerships. This collaboration could save lives and reduce the severity of noma complications.

A Computer Simulation Model for Forecasting Catalog Sales

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
George C. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Heuristic Programming

The AHAF model generates sales forecasts for individual articles of merchandise in catalogs, using heuristic programming to simulate the actual decision-making process of a catalog control buyer.

scholarly journals Decisions in safety management

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Ścibiorek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Security Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Functions

The article emphasizes that safety is the most important value for every person. Today, in the face of many threats, its level and interpretation are changing. The conditions of some phenomena also generate premises and possibilities for situations threatening health, life, environment, or infrastructure of a specific area to occur. The probability of occurrence of non-military supernatural events is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to skillfully use all the circumstances to distance the potential threats and minimize the possible consequences. It is imperative to take action that will keep and prolong the safety situation. Systemic solutions and the inclusion of many public institutions (organizations) and the society in action taken are essential. Security management is one of the basic functions of all government bodies and public administration, both at government and local government levels. Once the state is achieved, it cannot be maintained for too long. In each case, the procedure will be different. The article presents selected principles of the decision-making process, a procedure aimed at ensuring that the security level is acceptable.

How does entrepreneurial opportunity affect the decision-making process of effectuation?

Kybernetes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 980-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Long ◽  
Zi-yao Xia ◽  
Wang-bin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Opportunity Discovery ◽  
The Face

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to bridge the obvious gap presented in research on antecedents of effectuation by building a research model from the perspectives of effectuation and entrepreneurial opportunity. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the effects of patterns of opportunity discovery and the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity on the decision-making process of effectuation in new venture creation. Eight hypotheses are put forward and examined by hierarchical multiple logistic regression. The data in this paper are based on the first two rounds of survey data from Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial dynamics. Findings The empirical results show that patterns of opportunity discovery have significant positive effects (at least partially) on effectuation. Namely, entrepreneurs employing fortuitous discovery tend to use available means and leverage contingency. And with lower innovativeness of opportunity, entrepreneurs are more likely to use affordable loss and leverage contingency. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to each dimension of effectuation based on the single-item measure, which cannot completely reflect the effectual construct. More research should to be done to improve measures of effectuation. Practical implications The findings are useful for entrepreneurs to make effective decisions whether to choose effectuation in the face of different patterns of opportunity discovery. Besides, it provides the advice on how to cope with the innovativeness of opportunity and seize entrepreneurial opportunities to entrepreneurs. Originality/value This paper first systematically studies the effects of entrepreneurial opportunity on effectuation, making up for the obvious gap of research on antecedents of effectuation.

The Realization of Engineered Systems With Considerations of Complexity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren F. Smith ◽  
Jelena Milisavljevic ◽  
Maryam Sabeghi ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Engineered Systems

This paper is the product of thoughts for exploring the model-based realization of engineered systems. The question addressed is that given a relevant model, what new knowledge, understanding of emergent properties and insights can be gained by exercising the model? From the perspective that the activity of designing is a decision making process, it follows that better decisions will be made when a decision maker is better informed about the available choices and the ramification of these choices. In the context of an example of designing a small thermal plant, a description of an approach to exploring the solution space in the process of designing complex systems and uncovering emergent properties is presented.

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