Driver Knowledge and Beliefs About Antilock Brake Systems: Have Preconditions for Behavioral Adaptation Been Met?

2001 ◽  
Vol 1779 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lee-Gosselin ◽  
Pierre-Sébastien Fournier ◽  
Isabelle Béchard
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Some studies suggest that the benefits of antilock brake systems (ABS) may be offset through behavioral adaptation, such as driving faster or following closer. Whether preconditions for behavioral adaptation exist was examined by investigating driver knowledge and beliefs about ABS. Telephone interviews were conducted throughout Quebec early in 1999 with principal drivers of a stratified random sample of 404 drivers with currently registered light-duty vehicles, registered to the same person for at least 18 months. The response rate was 82 percent of 492 reached. Only medium-range and high-end 1990-1995 vehicles, for which ABS was either standard equipment or unavailable, were selected. The protocol involved mostly open questions that encouraged respondents to reveal their knowledge and beliefs with minimal prompting. The results indicated an important lack of understanding, on the part of a majority of drivers, regarding the functioning and use of ABS. This varied from an inability to identify conditions in which ABS is favorable or unfavorable to serious misconceptions; about 25 percent were wrong about whether their vehicle was ABS equipped. Cognitive preconditions for behavioral adaptations—sometimes increased prudence—were found for a minority of this sample, and there may be a relationship between a low level of knowledge and the perceived possibility of driving faster with these brakes. There appears to be a case for improved public and dealer-delivered information on the advantages and disadvantages of ABS in different driving conditions, which if balanced should not increase unsafe behavioral adaptation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Zipprich ◽  
Ulrike Teschner ◽  
Otto W. Witte ◽  
Aline Schönenberg ◽  
Tino Prell
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Preventive Behavior ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Adherence to measures that have been adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to control the spread of the coronavirus. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Results: The majority of patients understood the preventive measures and felt sufficiently informed. Analysis of qualitative answers, however, showed that about 30% of patients had an insufficient level of knowledge, which was not associated with educational level, cognitive disorders, or depression. Changes in behaviour were reported by 73 patients (99% performed at least one specific preventive behavior, and 86.9% have reduced social contacts and stayed home). A closer analysis of qualitative answers showed that 27.3% of patients continued to meet relatives face-to-face almost daily. Anxiety and worries about the current situation were reported by 58.6% of patients; 31.3% complained about a decrease in their mobility since the beginning of the restrictions, mainly because of worsening of PD and because regular therapies (e.g., physiotherapy) were canceled. Conclusions: About 30% of PD patients are nonadherent to preventive measures. Use of simple dichotomous questions overestimates adherence to preventive measures in patients with PD.

Suitability of Adaptive Self-Regulated e-Learning to Vocational Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Dimache ◽  
Thomas Roche ◽  
Simone Kopeinik ◽  
Lisa Christina Winter ◽  
Alexander Nussbaumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Many studies have been conducted, mainly in a university environment, and researchers have identified both advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. Very little is known about the applicability and suitability of e-learning to vocational and skills-based training. The research presented in this paper evaluates an adaptive e-learning model (INNOVRET) which combines skills-based learning by means of the Competence based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST) with the principles of self-regulated learning (SRL) for a practically-oriented vocational training area, namely highly skilled heat pump system installation, in Ireland. The research methodology employed to carry out this study consists of a participative study to develop the INNOVRET approach for e-learning for heat pump systems installation and an empirical study carried out to evaluate the INNOVRET system. The results show that it is the IT skills of the installers that determine the way they perceive the system and the whole learning experience, as well as the level of knowledge acquired.

‘all in the Same Boat—: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Attitudes and Experiences in Group Acupuncture Clinics

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Asprey ◽  
Charlotte Paterson ◽  
Adrian White
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Appointment System ◽  
Cost Efficient

Background Group acupuncture clinics have been introduced in a London hospital and in two general practices in Hertfordshire for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Encouraging preliminary reports have been published of the efficacy of the treatment delivered in this setting but its acceptability to patients has not yet been established. The aim was to investigate the acceptability and perceived advantages and disadvantages of acupuncture delivered in the group setting for the treatment of knee OA. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 patients in their own homes and with four nurses over the telephone. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, fully anonymised and analysed thematically. Results Group acupuncture was delivered with enthusiasm by nurses, was acceptable and popular with patients and recognised to be cost-efficient. Factors affecting acceptability were situational, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Situational factors included adequacy of the physical space used, flexibility of the appointment system and the changing and adaptable nature of the group. Interpersonal factors were mutual support, the exchange of information, the provision of mixed or single-sex sessions and the role of the acupuncture nurse. Intrapersonal factors that increased acceptability were less clear, but nurses expressed the view that the group setting was less suitable for patients with complex conditions or severe pain. Conclusions Acceptability is very high and may be maximised by taking a number of factors into account: full information should be provided before treatment begins; flexibility should be maintained in the appointment system and different levels of contact between fellow patients should be fostered; sufficient space and staffing should be provided and single-sex groups used wherever possible.

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH IGNORANCE SITUATIONS IN MULTI-PERSON DECISION MAKING

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ALONSO ◽  
E. HERRERA-VIEDMA ◽  
F. CHICLANA ◽  
F. HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Individual Strategies

Multi-person decision making problems involve the preferences of some experts about a set of alternatives in order to find the best one. However, sometimes experts might not possess a precise or sufficient level of knowledge of part of the problem and as a consequence that expert might not give all the information that is required. Indeed, this may be the case when the number of alternatives is high and experts are using fuzzy preference relations to represent their preferences. In the literature, incomplete information situations have been studied, and as a result, procedures that are able to compute the missing information of a preference relation have been designed. However, these approaches usually need at least a piece of information about every alternative in the problem in order to be successful in estimating all the missing preference values. In this paper, we address situations in which an expert does not provide any information about a particular alternative, which we call situations of total ignorance. We analyze several strategies to deal with these situations. We classify these strategies into: (i) individual strategies that can be applied to each individual preference relation without taking into account any information from the rest of experts and (ii) social strategies, that is, strategies that make use of the information available from the group of experts. Both individual and social strategies use extra assumptions or knowledge, which could not be directly instantiated in the experts preference relations. We also provide an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each one of the strategies presented, and the situations where some of them may be more adequate to be applied than the others.

scholarly journals ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМИ MOODLE ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЮ ЗНАНЬ З ЕКОЛОГІЇ УЧНІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Alla N. Nekos ◽  
Yuliia V. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Management System ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Test Control

The article has analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of test control of knowledge in ecology with implementation of modern computer technologies; work features in the scope of Moodle Learning Management System have been investigated; vulnerable elements in the creation of tests have been found. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the system of test tasks should include open questions and creative tasks and have an easy-to-use interface, be unified internationally and economically accessible for educational institutions of the country. The training platform Moodle corresponds to the following requirements. The advantages of Moodle are the ability to create tasks of various types and levels of difficulty, optimize the working hours of teachers, adapt Ukrainian students to international educational systems and optimize the educational process for children with special needs. The main drawbacks of knowledge control in the Moodle environment are the sensitivity of the response to a register, case, numeric or verbal indication; failure to take account of synonymous options of answer.

scholarly journals STUDY OF AWARENESS OF PHARMACY EMPLOYEES IN UKRAINE WITH THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Larysa Iakovlieva ◽  
Tetiana Bahlai
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of today's pressing challenges for scientists, healthcare, and pharmaceutical professionals. Pharmacies are often the first point of patient’s contact with the healthcare system, so the pharmacist must be a source of objective information about ABR and provide qualified advice on prescription and over-the-counter medications. The aim: through questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge about antimicrobial drugs of systemic action in pharmacists and pharmacists in Ukraine, as well as to monitor their behavior on the recommendations and release of antimicrobials without a prescription. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted among pharmacy employees from May 1, 2019, to February 11, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions, multiple-choice, and comparison questions. Results showed high self-esteem of knowledge about antibiotics among respondents, but their answers to open questions indicate a lack of knowledge. Most pharmacists are ready to recommend antibacterial drugs for colds and SARS, whooping cough, sore throat with fever, diarrhea. 69 % of respondents believe that a doctor should prescribe antibacterial drugs, but at the same time, 74 % of respondents do not always or never ask for doctor's prescription for antibiotics. Conclusions. We believe that more articles on antibiotic resistance should be published for pharmacists in order to improve their skills. Issues on this issue should be more actively covered in the curriculum and the process of postgraduate education (training). Pharmacists should also be reminded of the possibility of prescribing over-the-counter medicines to help patients with SARS.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING CULTURAL BELIEFS OF POSTNATAL CARE AMONG WOMEN IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF AMBALA, HARYANA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Jyoti Phougat
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

BACKGROUND: Cultural and traditional practices, values and beliefs play an important role in the medical attentionseeking behavior of postpartum mothers as well as in newborn babies during the postnatal period. There are various traditional and cultural practices followed which affect the newborn. OBJECTIVE: 1) To assess the knowledge and practices regarding cultural beliefs of postnatal care among women in selected villages of Ambala. 2) To determine the correlation between knowledge and practices of women regarding postnatal care cultural beliefs. METHOD: The research approach adopted for the study was Quantitative Research Approach. The research design adopted for the study was Descriptive Survey Design. Total 200 women were selected by using purposive sampling technique from selected villages. The tools developed and used for data collection were structured knowledge questionnaire and practice scale, tools were prepared by focusing on knowledge and beliefs respectively. RESULTS: The nding shows that the majority of women had good level of knowledge (81%) and (18.5%) women had average level of knowledge regarding postnatal care. The ndings further show the majority (51.5%) of women residing in villages has good practices. The data further show that (48.5%) of women had average practices regarding postnatal care and beliefs. There was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and practices of women.

Typologie und Klassifikation in Sozialer Arbeit und Sozialpolitik

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Schönig
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Ordering Schemes

Basic questions relating to typologies and classifications shape the discussions in social work and social policy, but have not yet been systematically addressed. This study first explains the foundations of those two ordering schemes in terms of their theory, methodology and definition. Subsequently, it explains their different perspectives and uses in social work and social policy and discusses questions about their relation to each other and their options for use. Among other things, it is important to find out whether the ordering schemes, as medium-range theories, can build communicative bridges between the formative individual case perspective of social work and the formative aggregated perspective of social policy. These considerations, together with the results of a qualitative survey of experts at several US universities, lead to a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory schemes and to the presentation of a test catalogue of their critical use in theory and practice.

scholarly journals TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TERHADAP PEMBERIAN SUSU FORMULA PADA BAYI USIA 0–6 BULAN DI LINGKUNGAN IX KELURAHAN BANDAR SELAMAT KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Elvalini Warnelis Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

  Formula milk is milk made from cow's milk or artificial milk whose composition is changed so that it can be used as a substitute for breast milk. Formula milk is a substitute for breast milk or can also complement breast milk. But it must be remembered that none of the nutritional compositions can match breast milk. The purpose of this study was to better understand and know the advantages and disadvantages of giving formula milk to infants. This research is descriptive using primary data by distributing questionnaires and tabulating to get the results. The population in this study were all mothers in Ward IX, Bandar Selamat Subdistrict, Medan Tembung Subdistrict with a total population of 30 respondents and using a total sampling technique of 30 respondents. From the results of the study, it is known that the majority have less knowledge as many as 15 respondents (50%), based on education the majority have less knowledge in junior high schools as many as 8 respondents (27%), based on work the majority have less knowledge in IRT as many as 11 respondents (37%), and based on sources of information the majority of knowledgeable people do not get information from electronic media as many as 8 respondents (26%). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the mother's level of knowledge on formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months is in the poor category. Therefore, knowledge greatly influences mothers to achieve the Exclusive Breastfeeding program. Therefore, it is hoped that mothers can increase their knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of formula feeding.

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