Variable Toll Pricing Program, Lee County, Florida: Revealed Preference Telephone Survey Findings

2000 ◽  
Vol 1732 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Yelds ◽  
Mark Burris
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lee County ◽  
Toll Pricing ◽  
Variable Pricing ◽  
Toll Collection

Variable time-of-day toll pricing was introduced in Lee County, Florida, in August 1998, on two of the area’s five bridges. Discounted tolls were offered to drivers with transponders (required for electronic toll collection) traveling in time periods just before and after typical peak demand travel periods. A telephone survey of 400 Lee County residents was conducted in late 1998. This survey was designed to collect information on driver travel behavior and determine participation levels in the variable pricing program. The survey found that the true participation level in the variable pricing program is in the range of 2.25 percent to 9.25 percent of survey respondents. The survey also examined potential adverse effects of changes in toll prices (induced demand, changes in mode of travel); perceptions of inequity by those unable to benefit from time-of-day toll pricing; and the socioeconomic characteristics of variable pricing participants. Eligibility for the discounted tolls was restricted to only those drivers who pay their tolls electronically. Participants and nonparticipants in the variable pricing program appear to differ by type of employment and household type. Those stating they do participate in variable pricing were less likely to be employed full time than those who do not participate. Differences were also found in the primary trip purposes of participants and nonparticipants. Commuters and drivers on work-related travel were less likely to participate in the program. It can be inferred that those with flexibility in their travel plans can, and do, change their travel to take advantage of the variably priced tolls.

Planning Lee County’s Variable-Pricing Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1617 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burris ◽  
Chris Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Lee County ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Variable Pricing ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Derived Data

Congestion (or variable) pricing can be described as the charging of more for goods or services during periods of peak demand. In theory, this practice would prove beneficial as a travel demand management tool when setting fares on toll roads and bridges. However, in practice, it has proven extremely difficult to implement in the United States. Many of the planning issues and solutions found during the early phases of a variablepricing pilot study currently being conducted in Lee County, Florida, are examined. Also examined is the electronic toll collection system being implemented in conjunction with variable pricing. The planned variablepricing scheme is detailed, along with how this publicly and politically palatable pricing scheme was derived. Data collection efforts, which include origin-destination surveys, focus groups, mail-back surveys, videotaping of traffic, and detailed traffic counts are described to emphasize the substantial effort undertaken to obtain accurate and meaningful variable-pricing traffic behavioral data that can be applied across the country. A summary of work to date and an overview of the next steps toward implementation of the variable-pricing program in Lee County are presented.

Observed Traffic Pattern Changes Due to Variable Tolls

2000 ◽  
Vol 1732 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burris ◽  
Michael C. Pietrzyk ◽  
Chris R. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Variable Pricing ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Group Variable

In August 1998 the Midpoint and Cape Coral Bridges in Lee County, Florida, began charging variable tolls based on the time of day. Traffic data collected at these two bridges are examined, including the number of vehicles, by transaction payment type and by time of day. These data were analyzed to determine if variable pricing toll discounts have changed traffic patterns at the toll bridges. Data collected from January through July 1998 (before the implementation of variable pricing) were compared to data collected from August through December 1998 (during variable pricing). The data were examined in both aggregate and half-hour time increments throughout the day. This allowed for initial analysis of ways that traffic volumes have shifted by time of day due to discounted tolls. Data were also collected on the payment methods of all bridge users. This information is critical, since only those users paying their toll electronically (approximately 23 percent of transactions) are eligible for the variable pricing toll discounts. Therefore, two groups were examined separately—eligible users (the test group) and ineligible users (the control group). Variable pricing was found to have caused significant changes in the travel behavior of eligible users. On the Cape Coral and Midpoint Bridges, the number of eligible users increased significantly during the discount periods and decreased significantly during the peak periods. In contrast, changes in the traffic patterns of ineligible users were found to be statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals Occupational Rehabilitation Following Open Mesh Surgical Repair of an Inguinal Hernia

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E Pesanelli ◽  
Joseph A Cigna ◽  
Shantanu G Basu ◽  
Andrew R Morin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Occupational Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Open Mesh

Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this case report is to describe an occupational rehabilitation program for a person whose work-related inguinal hernia was surgically repaired. Case Description. A 35-year-old baggage service attendant acquired an inguinal hernia while lifting at work. Postoperatively, the patient had discomfort in the groin, weakness of the lower extremities and trunk, limited ability to walk, and a decreased ability to work due to impaired tolerance.Outcomes. Following postoperative rehabilitation, the patient was able to return to full-time, full-duty work. Discussion. This case report describes occupational rehabilitation as a method to treat patients with work-related inguinal hernias following surgical repair.

296 Sex differences in sleep and wakefulness of police officers working shifts: evidence from a field study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A118-A118
Author(s):  
Gabriela Caetano ◽  
Laura Kervezee ◽  
Fernando Gonzales-Aste ◽  
Philippe Boudreau ◽  
Diane Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Awake

Abstract Introduction National reports of work-related injuries found the excess risk of work injury attributed to shift work to be significantly higher among women. The Working Time Society (WTS) concluded that male sex is one of the few factors that is “consistently associated with perceived or actual shift work tolerance”. However, it is unclear if physiological parameters are involved. Laboratory-controlled studies report sex differences in circadian rhythms (body temperature, melatonin). In sleep deprivation protocols, alertness and cognitive performances were affected by sex, menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptives [HC] use. Nevertheless, field studies that compare male and female shift workers are scarce. Methods An observational study including 76 police officers working on patrol: 56 males and 20 females (11 using [HC], 6 not using [non-HC] and 3 with unknown use of hormonal contraception) aged 32.0 ± 5.3 years. Participants were followed throughout a month-long work cycle (1,457 morning, evening, night, or other shifts, plus rest days). They filled out time-stamped questionnaires (Samn-Perelli, KSS, Visual Analogue Scales, ~5/day; sleep and work-related information, ~1–2/day), completed 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks (PVT, ~2/day), and wore an actigraph to collect activity data. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of group, time awake and time-of-day on fatigue, sleepiness, alertness, mood and PVT measures. Results Self-reported measures and psychomotor performance significantly varied with time awake and time-of-day. Fatigue and sleepiness levels were significantly higher among female compared to male police officers, both with time awake and across the 24-h day. These variations were similar between non-HC females and the other groups. Compared to males, HC females were more fatigued and less alert, both with time awake and across the 24-h day, and sleepier with time awake. Having children at home did not explain these differences. Conclusion The results of this study expand our knowledge on the sex differences in the sleep and circadian physiology and demonstrate a critical effect of HC on women fatigue, sleepiness and alertness when working shifts. Sex and hormonal parameters must be considered in occupational medicine as well as in future laboratory and field studies on shift workers and circadian rhythms. Support (if any) IRSST, FRQS.

scholarly journals Working from Home During Covid-19: Doing and Managing Technology-enabled Social Interaction With Colleagues at a Distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banita Lal ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Markus Haag
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Time Basis

AbstractWith the overnight growth in Working from Home (WFH) owing to the pandemic, organisations and their employees have had to adapt work-related processes and practices quickly with a huge reliance upon technology. Everyday activities such as social interactions with colleagues must therefore be reconsidered. Existing literature emphasises that social interactions, typically conducted in the traditional workplace, are a fundamental feature of social life and shape employees’ experience of work. This experience is completely removed for many employees due to the pandemic and, presently, there is a lack of knowledge on how individuals maintain social interactions with colleagues via technology when working from home. Given that a lack of social interaction can lead to social isolation and other negative repercussions, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on remote working by highlighting employees’ experiences and practices around social interaction with colleagues. This study takes an interpretivist and qualitative approach utilising the diary-keeping technique to collect data from twenty-nine individuals who had started to work from home on a full-time basis as a result of the pandemic. The study explores how participants conduct social interactions using different technology platforms and how such interactions are embedded in their working lives. The findings highlight the difficulty in maintaining social interactions via technology such as the absence of cues and emotional intelligence, as well as highlighting numerous other factors such as job uncertainty, increased workloads and heavy usage of technology that affect their work lives. The study also highlights that despite the negative experiences relating to working from home, some participants are apprehensive about returning to work in the traditional office place where social interactions may actually be perceived as a distraction. The main contribution of our study is to highlight that a variety of perceptions and feelings of how work has changed via an increased use of digital media while working from home exists and that organisations need to be aware of these differences so that they can be managed in a contextualised manner, thus increasing both the efficiency and effectiveness of working from home.

e-mission: An Open-Source, Smartphone Platform for Collecting Human Travel Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (42) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shankari ◽  
Mohamed Amine Bouzaghrane ◽  
Samuel M. Maurer ◽  
Paul Waddell ◽  
David E. Culler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Data User ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Extensible Software

GPS-equipped smartphones provide new methods to collect data about travel behavior, including travel survey apps that incorporate automated location sensing. Previous approaches to this have involved proprietary or one-off tools that are inconsistent and difficult to evaluate. In contrast, e-mission is an open-source, extensible software platform that consists of ( a) an app for survey participants to install on their Android or iOS smartphones and ( b) cloud-hosted software for managing the collected data. e-mission collects continuous location data, user-initiated annotations, and responses to contextual, platform initiated survey questions. New studies can be set up using the existing University of California, Berkeley, infrastructure with no additional coding, or the platform can be extended for more complex projects. This paper reviews the requirements for smartphone travel data collection, describes the architecture and capabilities of the e-mission platform, and evaluates its performance in a pilot deployment. The results show that the platform is usable, with over 150 installations in a month; stable, with over 85% of users retaining it for more than 3 days; and extensible, with interface and survey customizations accomplished in a little over a week of full-time work by a transportation engineering researcher. We hope that e-mission will be a useful tool for app-based data collection and will serve as a catalyst for related research.

Reality-Based Approach to Stated Preference Surveys

2005 ◽  
Vol 1917 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Xuehao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Street Crossing ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Stated Preference Data ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Pedestrian Street

This paper defines a reality-based approach to soliciting stated preference data. It is related to existing preference methods in regard to both a common conceptual framework and recent trends in the literature. The reality-based approach is compared with the standard approach in both general characteristics and design procedures. Its expectations-based validity is illustrated with an application to pedestrian street-crossing behavior in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. The approach combines the realism of revealed-preference surveys and the flexibility of standard stated preference surveys. It adds to the toolbox of travel behavior research.

scholarly journals Age-Conditional Effects of Political Skill and Empathy on Emotional Labor: An Experience Sampling Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen C Toomey ◽  
Cort W Rudolph ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Political Skill ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Interpersonal Competency ◽  
Conditional Effects

Abstract Grounded in lifespan development theories that posit a positive influence of aging on emotion regulation, we examine how chronological age and political skill (i.e., a work-related interpersonal competency that functions as an emotion-relevant resource) jointly moderate the relationships between within-person levels of empathy and the use of emotional labor strategies across a workweek. Participants were n = 118 full-time university employees (Mage = 42.85 years; SD = 12.18; range = 20–70), who completed momentary surveys 3 times a day, over a single 5-day workweek. Results show that age and within-person levels of empathy were positively related to momentary levels of deep acting. Considering further the interaction of age, political skill, and empathy, results suggest that the positive relationship between empathy and deep acting is conditional upon age and individual differences in political skill, with differential relationships observed for relatively older versus relatively younger participants. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of age and political skill for daily emotional regulation in the work context.

Sensation Seeking as It Relates to Burnout Among Emergency Medical Personnel: A Texas Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chwee Lye Chng ◽  
Starr Eaddy
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Emergency Medical Personnel ◽  
Research Questions

AbstractIntroduction:Burnout among emergency medical personnel (emergency medical personne) is suspected, but largely unsupported in the literature. An investigation of the phenomenon of burnout and factors contributing to its existence are essential steps in designingeffective interventions.Research Questions:Three research questions were proposed: 1) Are EMP sensation seekers as measured by Arnett's Inventory of Sensation Seeking? 2) Are EMP burnt out as measured by Revicki's Work-Related Strain Inventory? 3) Is there a relationship between sensation seeking and burnout among EMP?Methods:Emergency medical personnel attending a statewide conference in Texas, USA in late 1996 completed 425 survey instruments measuring sensation seeking and burnout as well as demographic items. Survey instruments were included in each registrant's conference package. Completed surveys were deposited anonymously in labeled receptacles throughout the statewide conference site. Data collection ceased at the end of the conference.Results:Emergency Medical Personne had significantly higher sensation–seeking total and intensity sub–scale scores than the general public. Full–time employees reported more sensation–seeking than volunteers or part–time employees. The younger the Emergency Medical Personne, the greater were their reported sensation seeking tendencies. Emergency Medical Personne reported more burnout in 1996 than in 1991. The older the Emergency Medical Personne, the lower was the reported level of burnout. Emergency Medical Personne who sought counseling for a work–related event reported more burnout than those who did not. Paid full–time Emergency Medical Personne reported higher burnout than did volunteers. There was a weak but positive correlation between sensation seeking and burnout, suggesting that these two dimensions may be unrelated.Conclusion:The field of emergency medical services attracts sensation seekers, and Emergency Medical Personne today report more burnout than their counterparts did in 1991. Although Emergency Medical Personne appear to be high in sensation seeking, this dimension alone does not protect them from the effects of burnout.

scholarly journals Understanding Attitudes towards Proenvironmental Travel: An Empirical Study from Tangshan City in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Fang ◽  
Yajing Xu ◽  
Weiya Chen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Preference Theory ◽  
Travel Mode Choice ◽  
Revealed Preference Theory

Understanding people’s attitudes towards proenvironmental travel will help to encourage people to adopt proenvironmental travel behavior. Revealed preference theory assumes that the consumption preference of consumers can be revealed by their consumption behavior. In order to investigate the influences on citizens’ travel decision and analyze the difficulties of promoting proenvironmental travel behavior in medium-sized cities in China, based on revealed preference theory, this paper uses the RP survey method and disaggregate model to analyze how individual characteristics, situational factors, and trip features influence the travel mode choice. The field investigation was conducted in Tangshan City to obtain the RP data. An MNL model was built to deal with the travel mode choice. SPSS software was used to calibrate the model parameters. The goodness-of-fit tests and the predicted outcome demonstrate the validation of the parameter setting. The results show that gender, occupation, trip purpose, and distance have an obvious influence on the travel mode choice. In particular, the male gender, high income, and business travel show a high correlation with carbon-intensive travel, while the female gender and a medium income scored higher in terms of proenvironmental travel modes, such as walking, cycling, and public transport.

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