European Research into Granular Material for Pavement Bases and Subbases

2000 ◽  
Vol 1721 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dawson ◽  
Michael J. Mundy ◽  
Matti Huhtala
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
European Research ◽  
Repeated Load Triaxial Test ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
Repeated Load Triaxial

Two transnational European research projects in the area of granular materials for road pavements are described. The results are used to illustrate the state of practice as compared to the state of the art and are placed within the setting of a broad picture of national research within Europe. Discussed are the direction of European research, its implementation, those areas that will continue to be problematic, and the findings and strategies that suggest better-practice for non-European users. The use of the repeated-load triaxial test is shown to be an important aspect. Although the test is shown to have limitations for practical purposes, it illustrates the nature of material behavior that may be expected in situ. It is shown that a fundamental engineering understanding has been applied to granular material pavement layer technology but that there remain issues of in situ assessment, analytical methods, and variability of in situ conditions that hinder full application of current understanding.

Granular Material Radial Deformation Measurements with a Circumferential Extensometer in Repeated Load Triaxial Testing

1998 ◽  
Vol 1614 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Tutumluer ◽  
Navneet Garg ◽  
Marshall R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Radial Deformation ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Wheel Loading ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Repeated Load Triaxial

Determination of both axial and radial specimen strains in a repeated load triaxial test is essential for properly characterizing the directional dependency of resilient granular material behavior. Radial deformation measurement is not yet included in the standard AASHTO test procedure. The method of measuring radial strains adopted in this study emphasizes the use of a contact-type specimen instrumentation technique with a circumferential chain extensometer. The circumferential extensometer was successfully used in repeated load triaxial testing to measure radial strains of three aggregate samples with different material types and properties. The accuracy of the measuring system was within 10−5 (in strains) when the smallest strains recorded were on the order of 10−4. Nonlinear stress-dependent models for properly characterizing the anisotropic granular material stiffnesses were developed from measured axial and radial strains. The vertical/horizontal stiffness ratios in the triaxial sample consistently increased with increasing principal stress ratios, which often occurs in pavements under wheel loading. In general, the repeatability in radial strain measurements was deemed to be satisfactory and more reliable strains were measured at low confining pressures.

scholarly journals In Silico Hemostasis Modeling and Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 524-535
Author(s):  
Dmitry Y. Nechipurenko ◽  
Aleksey M. Shibeko ◽  
Anastasia N. Sveshnikova ◽  
Mikhail A. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Single Enzyme

AbstractComputational physiology, i.e., reproduction of physiological (and, by extension, pathophysiological) processes in silico, could be considered one of the major goals in computational biology. One might use computers to simulate molecular interactions, enzyme kinetics, gene expression, or whole networks of biochemical reactions, but it is (patho)physiological meaning that is usually the meaningful goal of the research even when a single enzyme is its subject. Although exponential rise in the use of computational and mathematical models in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis began in the 1980s (first for blood coagulation, then for platelet adhesion, and finally for platelet signal transduction), the majority of their successful applications are still focused on simulating the elements of the hemostatic system rather than the total (patho)physiological response in situ. Here we discuss the state of the art, the state of the progress toward the efficient “virtual thrombus formation,” and what one can already get from the existing models.

Gas Turbine Using In Situ Combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Cleopatra Florentina Cuciumita ◽  
Ionuţ Porumbel ◽  
Sterian Dănăilă
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion ◽  
New Research

The paper presents the background and objectives of a new research project carried out in the field of in situ gas turbine combustion. An extensive literature review highlighting the state-of-the-art in the field is presented. Several possible solutions for the turbine burner are also included. The objectives and the expected original contributions of the projects conclude the paper.

Diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: The state of the art

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Williamson ◽  
Rodolfo Montironi ◽  
Antonio Lopez-Beltran ◽  
Gregory T. MacLennan ◽  
Darrell D. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State

Porous Metals

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
New Research ◽  
Structure Properties

Porous metals are engineered materials; they are designed for special properties. Technological progress necessitates expanding the choices of such materials, making the development of new porous metals a relevant challenge for materials scientists.Although a wealth of information has already been accumulated on these materials, new results are published every year, extending the engineer's capability to manufacture porous metals and revealing their unknown and often unusual properties. This survey describes the state of the art and some recent accomplishments in the field. This article discusses manufacturing practices, structure, properties, and applications of porous metals. Promising new research issues are also highlighted. Materials whose pores were not formed in situ, like honeycomb structures made by high-energy beams etc., are not covered.

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