In-Service, Performance-Based Roadside Design Policy: Preliminary Insights from Washington State’s Bridge Rail Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 1720 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataraman N. Shankar ◽  
Richard B. Albin ◽  
John C. Milton ◽  
Marylou Nebergall
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
Roadside Hardware

Empirical insights about the performance of in-service roadside hardware are presented. A statistical study of bridge rail impacts on vehicular accident severity is presented from data collected in Washington State. In particular, concrete balusters and metal rails underperformed in comparison with the average bridge rail type, whereas thrie-beam guardrails and safety shape barriers had superior performance. The study presents a statistical framework that is particularly suitable for capturing real-world, unobserved effects that impact reported accident severity distribution. Policy sensitivities show systemwide savings through upgrading the underperforming rails to provide substantial performance. The combination of insights from the relative performance of bridge rails and the associated policy sensitivities provides direction for national policy on roadside design. In particular, the insights offer some strategic direction on inexpensive upgrades to state-level decision making.

Optimising horizontal and vertical partnership connections: bringing partnerships together to create a network advantage

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Wallace
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Partnership Network ◽  
Local Partnerships ◽  
Network Advantage

Partnerships bring actors together to make horizontal connections between organisations. This has proven to be an effective model at the local level in Ireland. This paper explores possibilities for local partnerships to come together through a network to make vertical connections to national policy processes. It is written as a practice and innovation paper by the national coordinator of the Community Partnership Network in Ireland. A review of current practice and expectations of the Community Partnership Network indicates there has been greater success in providing support to members compared with impacts from strong vertical connections. This experience is common for a range of local actors in the community development sector in Ireland who find that there are insufficient meaningful connections between local and national institutions. This limits the opportunity for transfer of knowledge from the local level to inform national policy. Going forward, the notion of network advantage is explored as a means to make the necessary vertical connections. It is proposed that the outcomes from a network should cover the dimensions of: joint value creation, mutual capacity development and collective engagement with decision makers. There is real opportunity to apply this in Ireland as the three networks representing local development are about to merge into a single representative body for what are now local integrated development partnerships. Thinking about network advantage also provides possible application for creating stronger vertical linkages between local partnerships in Victoria, Australia and bodies at the state level, including the Victorian State Government.

scholarly journals Strategic planning for human resources and its impact on Sudanese national security: التخطيط الاستراتيجي للموارد البشرية وأثره على الأمن القومي السوداني

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu'tasim Hussein Abu Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
National Security ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

The study considered the importance of strategic planning for human resources and its impact on Sudanese national security considering that strategic planning is one of the important mechanisms that achieve integration and interaction between the components of the comprehensive perspective of human resources at the state level, in order to achieve the conditions required to achieve the full utilization of competitive human capabilities as one of the important elements affecting national security. The study aimed at the importance of strategic planning for human resources at the macro level of the state and its impact on Sudanese national security. The study reviewed the terms related to strategic planning, the concept of national security and the relationship between strategy, national security and human resources. The study reviewed the terms related to strategic planning, the concept of national security and the relationship between strategy, national security and human resources. The study also dealt with the aspects affecting the human resources and the Sudanese reality. The descriptive approach was used for the study and the scientific sources that dealt with the subject were used as sources for the study. The study concluded that strategic planning for human resources should be adopted, and that a national policy should be established through human resource development programs and clear foundations for investing human resources to meet challenges related to human capabilities, especially competitive human capacities.

scholarly journals Governing Board Attributes as Profitability Influencers under Endogeneity: An Econometric Analysis in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navitha Singh Sewpersadh
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Governing Board ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Gmm Estimation ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Board Level

Presently, the oversight role performed by the governing board has been interrogated due to the demise of several corporate giants. The governing board is responsible for advancing the strategic direction of the company by ensuring superior performance whilst managing risks. Accordingly, this study investigated whether the governing board has any influence on a firm’s profitability by using OLS and GMM estimation on an unbalanced panel of 130 firms over a six-year period. ROA served as a proxy for firm performance and several board-level governance variables were selected namely board size, board independence, CEO duality, director qualifications, and board interlocks. From an econometric contribution, this study found that the addition of instrument variables in the GMM estimation model has proven to be robust in examining corporate governance variables. GMM is also robust in controlling endogeneity and a possible bi-directional causality between board and profitability. From a theoretical contribution, agency, resource dependence and management hegemony theories are highly prevalent in the governing boards of the JSE. The results of this study are as envisaged in the SCP paradigm. All hypotheses were supported, showing overall that profitability is significantly influenced by the board attributes. This study provides a useful analysis of the theoretical framework used by academic writers as a foundation for model specification as well as contributes to the econometric methodology of corporate governance. These findings will also advise future researchers, stakeholders and regulators in better understanding the role of board composition from a profit maximisation and sustainability outlook.

Insuring Free Trade: Unemployment Insurance and Trade Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Kono
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
State Unemployment

Research shows that trade openness and high social spending go hand in hand, at least in wealthy democracies. It is not clear, however, exactly why this is so. Many scholars and policymakers argue that generous social spending facilitates trade liberalization, but there is no direct empirical support for this claim. This paper is the first to show directly that social spending promotes freer trade. Specifically, I show that U.S. state-level unemployment insurance makes Congress members significantly more likely to vote for freer trade. Since state unemployment insurance is exogenous to individual congressional votes, my analysis shows clearly that the former affects the latter. My results imply that social spending insures not only citizens but also open trade policies against hard economic times. They also highlight the importance of subnational policy choices to national policy outcomes.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of state-level concussion legislation and review of current practices in concussion

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal L. Tomei ◽  
Christopher Doe ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
State Level ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Concussion Education

Object Forty-two states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation based on the Lystedt law of Washington state, enacted in 2009 to protect young athletes who have sustained a concussion. The aim of this study was to note the several similarities and differences among the various laws. Methods Concussion legislation was compared for 50 states and the District of Columbia. Evaluation parameters of this study included stipulations of concussion education, criteria for removal from play, requirements for evaluation and return to play after concussion, and individuals required to assess young athletes. Other parameters that were not consistent across states were also noted. Results Forty-three states and the District of Columbia have passed concussion legislation, and an additional 4 states have pending legislation. All states with existing legislation support concussion education for coaches; however, only 48% require coaches to undergo formal education. Athletes must be educated on concussion in 86% of states and parents in 88.7%. Suspicion of concussion is a criterion for removal from play in 75% of states; signs and symptoms of concussion are criteria for removal from play in 16% of states. The individuals allowed to evaluate and clear an athlete for return to play differ greatly among states. Conclusions Injury prevention legislation holds historical precedent, and given the increasing attention to long-term sequelae of repeated head trauma and concussion, concussion legislation has been rapidly passed in 43 states and the District of Columbia. Although the exact stipulations of these laws vary among states, the overall theme is to increase recognition of concussion in young athletes and ensure that they are appropriately cleared for return to play after concussion.

scholarly journals Evaluating The Relationship Between Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Activity: Evidence from Washington State

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Peterson ◽  
Eric L. Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Vector Autoregressions ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Treat All

Prior analysis regarding transportation infrastructure has often focused on the aggregate effects of public investment on economic growth or activity, usually at a national or state level. Modeling efforts that attempt to treat all counties as equivalent units, while assuming a homogeneous modeling structure for all the units, may miss important information regarding the statistical and causal relationships between economic activity and transportation infrastructure. This study examines the interrelationships between infrastructure and activity using two Washington State highway infrastructure datasets in combination with county-level employment, wages, and establishment numbers for several industrial sectors for a subset of counties from 1990 to 2004. Estimates using vector autoregressions, error correction models, and directed acyclic graphs are made. The results show that the relationships between infrastructure investment and economic activity are often weak and are not uniform in effect.

NREGA, National Politics, and Policy Evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Jenkins ◽  
James Manor
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Development Paradigm

This chapter examines how politics has affected public debates concerning India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA) and how best to reform it. Because of its immense size and scope, NREGA found itself implicated in a wide range of key national policy debates: from public finance to internal security to rural development. It has also produced changes in local political dynamics, in the political calculus of state-level leaders, in social interactions, and in perceptions of social status. This chapter addresses these issues through discussions of three thematic areas: corruption and governance; wages and work; and India's development paradigm. The revisions to NREGA's operational practices after the re-election of the Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in 2009 are also examined.

Big data maturity models for the public sector: a review of state and organizational level models

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-699
Author(s):  
Aras Okuyucu ◽  
Nilay Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Maturity Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose Despite several big data maturity models developed for businesses, assessment of big data maturity in the public sector is an under-explored yet important area. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the big data maturity models developed specifically for the public sector and evaluate two major big data maturity models in that respect: one at the state level and the other at the organizational level. Design/methodology/approach A literature search is conducted using Web of Science and Google Scholar to determine big data maturity models explicitly addressing big data adoption by governments, and then two major models are identified and compared: Klievink et al.’s Big Data maturity model and Kuraeva’s Big Data maturity model. Findings While Klievink et al.’s model is designed to evaluate Big Data maturity at the organizational level, Kuraeva’s model is appropriate for assessments at the state level. The first model sheds light on the micro-level factors considering the specific data collection routines and requirements of the public organizations, whereas the second one provides a general framework in terms of the conditions necessary for government’s big data maturity such as legislative framework and national policy dimensions (strategic plans and actions). Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by identifying and evaluating the models specifically designed to assess big data maturity in the public sector. Based on the review, it provides insights about the development of integrated models to evaluate big data maturity in the public sector.

A State-Level Application of the Chronic Illness Breakthrough Series: Results from Two Collaboratives on Diabetes in Washington State

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Daniel ◽  
Jan Norman ◽  
Connie Davis ◽  
Helan Lee ◽  
Michael F. Hindmarsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
State Level ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Breakthrough Series

scholarly journals Beyond FMLA: Making the Case for State-Level Paid Family Leave, the Path to Policy Adoption

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 721-722
Author(s):  
Eugenie Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Paid Family Leave ◽  
Family Medical Leave Act ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Family Medical Leave ◽  
Time Away

Abstract The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was established in 1993, and while limited in scope, it is the only national policy in place to support individuals that need to take time away from work to care for a sick family member. Paid Family Leave, a state-level mechanism of FMLA, creates a safety net to support these workers. Despite its potential impact, such programs currently exist in only 6 states and the District of Columbia. Further, even within these states, individuals are often unaware of the policy's existence. A systematic review of peer reviewed literature from 1994-2019 explores the predictors of the adoption and implementation of state-level Paid Family Leave and public awareness of Paid Family Leave programs in these states. This presentation will explore these findings and their implications on future state level adoption, implementation and awareness of Paid Family Leave.

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