Factors Affecting Overlay Ride Quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 1712 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Kevin K. McGhee
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
State Highway ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Asphalt Overlays ◽  
Special Provision ◽  
Highway System

A study was conducted to identify the predominant factors that affect the achievable smoothness of asphalt overlays. The subject was approached from the perspective of a contracting entity (state highway agency). The basis of the study was a roughness survey that incorporated 4270 lane-km (2,650 lane-mi) and two full construction seasons with hot-mix asphalt concrete paving. Among the variables found to be related to the achievable smoothness were the functional classification (highway system), original surface roughness, and a special provision for smoothness. Variables that were found to be not significantly related to the smoothness achieved included surface mix type, the application of additional structural layers, the use of milling, and time-of-day restrictions on construction activities (i.e., nighttime paving).

Applicability of New Flexible Pavement Smoothness Specification for Asphalt Overlays

1997 ◽  
Vol 1575 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel G. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Overlays ◽  
Overlay Construction

The Texas Department of Transportation plans to implement smoothness specifications based on profilograph testing for all asphalt concrete paving projects as part of its construction quality control/quality assurance program. Smoothness specifications have been developed for newly constructed asphalt and portland cement concrete pavements. In a move to develop a similar specification for asphalt concrete overlays, the Texas Transportation Institute was asked to evaluate the applicability of the existing flexible pavement smoothness specifications for the quality control and quality assurance of pavement rideability on overlay construction projects. This study was intended to provide the state with the information necessary to evaluate the improvement in ride quality that may be expected from placement of asphalt overlays, particularly for thin overlays [38 to 51 mm (1.5 to 2 in.)], which are generally constructed in Texas. To collect data to determine whether the existing specification can be implemented for overlay construction work, TTI monitored a number of overlay projects during the 1994 calendar year. Profilograph measurements were made during these projects before any surface preparation, after surface preparation, and after placement of the asphalt concrete overlay. All of the projects monitored involved thin overlays. The data collected indicate that the existing smoothness specifications can be implemented on overlay projects, provided that appropriate surface preparations (e.g., milling, level-ups) are conducted to correct existing surface distresses before placement of the overlay.

Initial cooling of pavements and the development of pavement cooling charts

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. White ◽  
G. Heiman ◽  
G. Huber ◽  
R. Besant ◽  
A. Bergan
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Final Density ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pavement Temperature

A relatively short highway construction season exists on the Canadian prairies and typically the paving season extends from May to October. Highway engineers and contractors are continually confronted with unfavorable weather conditions during the early spring and latter parts of the fall paving season. During these periods of cooler weather, the decision as to whether or not to allow paving to continue or begin becomes very difficult, since freshly laid pavements cool quickly and proper compaction is difficult to attain. The final density obtained in a pavement depends critically on its initial temperature and cooling rate. This study researches the subject of pavement cooling and investigates the feasibility of cold-weather paving. The results of this study illustrate the significance of the factors affecting pavement cooling and provide information for improving the paving specifications used by Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation. This study also shows that the short paving season which exists in Saskatchewan can be extended under certain conditions. Extension of the construction season into colder weather will provide financial and various other benefits, not only to Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation but also to paving contractors and the general public. Key words: pavement cooling, pavement temperature, computer simulation, compaction, asphalt concrete.

Divergent Principles of Politeness in Verbal and Non-Verbal Directive Speech Act

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Lindayana ◽  
Arifuddin ◽  
Halus Mandala
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study was conducted aiming at examining: (1) the divergent principles of politeness in students’ directive speech act (2) factors affecting politeness and impoliteness in verbal and non-verbal directive speech act produced by students at grade X in Senior High School 1 Mataram in the learning process. The subject of this study are teachers teaching Bahasa Indonesia, English, Economy, History, Math, Religion, Civic, and Science, and all students at Grade X of Science 1, Science 3 and Social 2 in Senior High School 1 Mataram. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The data source in this study is the number of utterances produced by students and teachers in the learning process. The data were collected through observation. This study revealed that: (1) there were divergent principles of politeness in participants’ directive speech act namely single and multiple divergent principles of politeness affected by speaker intentionally accused addressees, intentionally uttered by neglecting the context, was protective to other arguments, showed emotional feeling, given critiques in impolite words and mocked at other; and (2) there were factors affecting politeness and impoliteness in verbal and non-verbal directive speech act produced by students in learning process namely linguistic factor and non-linguistic factor.

What Are the Factors Affecting Total Sleep Time During Video Polysomnography in Infants?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace R. Paul ◽  
Don Hayes ◽  
Dmitry Tumin ◽  
Ish Gulati ◽  
Sudarshan Jadcherla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Medical Complexity

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate factors affecting total sleep time (TST) during infant polysomnography (PSG) and assess if <4 hours of TST is sufficient for accurate interpretation. Study Design Overall, 242 PSGs performed in 194 infants <6 months of chronological age between March 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed to identify factors that affect TST, including age of infant, location and timing of study, presence of medical complexity, and presence of nasal tubes. A continuum of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in relation to TST was reviewed. Data were examined in infants who had TST <4 hours and low AHI. Results Greater TST (p < 0.001) was noted among infants during nocturnal PSGs, at older chronological and post-menstrual ages, and without medical complexity. The presence of nasogastric/impedance probes reduced TST (p = 0.002). Elevated AHIs were identified even in PSGs with TST <4 hours. Short TST may have affected interpretation and delayed initial management in one infant without any inadvertent complications. Conclusion Clinical factors such as PMA and medical complexity, and potentially modifiable factors such as time of day and location of study appeared to affect TST during infant PSGs. TST < 4 hours can be sufficient to identify high AHI allowing physician interpretation. Key Points

Factors affecting pollinator visitation and reproductive success in Sonneratia caseolaris and Aegiceras corniculatum in a mangrove forest in India

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHALINI PANDIT ◽  
B. C. CHOUDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Aegiceras Corniculatum ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Exclusion Experiments ◽  
Selfing Species

Pollinator visitation to, and the reproductive success of, Sonneratia caseolaris (Sonneratiaceae) and Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) was investigated in a mangrove forest in India. S. caseolaris was shown to be primarily outcrossed and A. corniculatum was shown to be a selfing species. The flowers of both plant species attracted several diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Earlier reports had indicated that S. caseolaris flowered for one night and was exclusively night-pollinated. But flowers of this species were found to be in bloom both at night and during the day, and diurnal visitors to the flowers were more diverse and frequent than nocturnal ones. This was related to the higher volume and energy value of nectar in the morning. The effects of time of day and temperature on visitation rates were quantified. The importance of visitors to plant reproductive success was investigated via controlled visitor-exclusion experiments. Pollinators were expected to be more important for the outcrossing species than for the selfing species, and this was confirmed by the results of the exclusion experiments. In S. caseolaris reproductive success was determined both by pollinator availability and the intensity of flower and fruit predation, while in A. corniculatum it is likely to be resource limited.

Sex of Subject, Sex of Opponent, and Opponent Ability as Factors Affecting Self-confidence in a competitive situation

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Mixed Factorial Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sex Orientation

Male and female subjects (N = 80), ranging in age from 17 to 25 years, participated in a study designed to determine if the sex of the sex of the subject, the sex of the subject's opponent, or the perceived ability of the subject's opponent, (good vs. poor ability) affected subjects' self confidence after competing at a task (TV Pong Game) of “neutral” sex orientation. a 2 x 2 x 2 mixed factorial design, with 10 subjects assigned to each cell, was used. All subjects competed in five games against a confederate and in all cases subjects lost all but the second of the five games. Data were treated using an ANCOVA, with preperformance confidence being used as the covariate. Ragardless of sex of the opponent, females expressed postperformance confidence levels equal to males after performing against an opponent thought to be poor in ability, but they were significantly less cofident after performing against opponents perceived to be good in ability. These findings are consistent with those of Argote, Fisher, McDonald, and O'Neal (1976), who note that the performance expectations of females tend to be unstable and change with single encounters, whereas males are less likely to allow one failure to affect performance assessments.

Factors Affecting the Achievement of Students in Economic Subject

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336
Author(s):  
Siti Hadijah Che Mat Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Teaching And Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Economic Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

There are various factors influencing a student’s academic achievement at any level, either primary, secondary or tertiary. These factors include attitudes, learning techniques, general interest in the subject matter, factors related to teacher, family or friends, previous achievements, teaching and learning environment and facilities, infrastructure, and teaching methods. This article explores factors affecting the achievement of student of a course offered in the economic program of universitiutaramalaysia. For this article, a total of 220 students who registered for macroeconomics course at universitiutaramalaysia were randomly selected to be the study sample. of the 220 responses, only 211 were analysed because some questionnaire forms was returned with incomplete information. these students consist of second, third and fourth year students. The study found that among the items in the lecturer preparation factor which came with high mean scores is the item "lecturer shows dedication in teaching". There is no denying that teaching and learning methods incorporating the latest technology and trends are desirable but the study shows that teaching using longstanding approach like using whiteboards is still preferable among students and gives the highest mean value of 7.44, which is a high level score. In terms of learning techniques, the study found that students are not consistent between the goals to achieve excellence with the appropriate effort taken by them. although they want to achieve high excellence in this subject but their efforts and actions are not inclined to that desire

scholarly journals Managing Herbicide Resistance: Listening to the Perspectives of Practitioners. Procedures for Conducting Listening Sessions and an Evaluation of the Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Amy B. Asmus ◽  
Harold Coble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Full Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Small Group Discussions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSeven half-day regional listening sessions were held between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide-resistance management. The objective of the listening sessions was to connect with stakeholders and hear their challenges and recommendations for addressing herbicide resistance. The coordinating team hired Strategic Conservation Solutions, LLC, to facilitate all the sessions. They and the coordinating team used in-person meetings, teleconferences, and email to communicate and coordinate the activities leading up to each regional listening session. The agenda was the same across all sessions and included small-group discussions followed by reporting to the full group for discussion. The planning process was the same across all the sessions, although the selection of venue, time of day, and stakeholder participants differed to accommodate the differences among regions. The listening-session format required a great deal of work and flexibility on the part of the coordinating team and regional coordinators. Overall, the participant evaluations from the sessions were positive, with participants expressing appreciation that they were asked for their thoughts on the subject of herbicide resistance. This paper details the methods and processes used to conduct these regional listening sessions and provides an assessment of the strengths and limitations of those processes.

scholarly journals Concepts and new perspectives for long span bridges

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Fabio Brancaleoni
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Present State ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The Subject

AbstractA discussion of the dominant factors affecting the behaviour of long span cable supported bridges is the subject of this paper. The main issue is the evolution of properties and response of the bridge with the size of the structure, represented by the critical parameter of span length, showing how this affects the conceptual design. After a review of the present state of the art, perspectives for future developments are discussed.

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