Automated Detection of Pedestrians in Conjunction with Standard Pedestrian Push Buttons at Signalized Intersections

2000 ◽  
Vol 1705 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hughes ◽  
Herman Huang ◽  
Charles Zegeer ◽  
Michael Cynecki
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Detection Zone ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clearance Interval

Automated pedestrian detection systems provide the means to detect the presence of pedestrians as they approach the curb prior to crossing the street, and then these systems call the Walk signal without any action required on the part of the pedestrians. These detectors can also extend the clearance interval in order to allow slower persons to finish crossing. Whether automated pedestrian detectors, when used in conjunction with standard pedestrian push buttons, would result in fewer overall pedestrian-vehicle conflicts and fewer inappropriate crossings (i.e., pedestrians’ beginning to cross during a Don’t Walk signal) was evaluated. Before and after video data were collected at intersection locations in Los Angeles, California (infrared and microwave), Phoenix, Arizona (microwave), and Rochester, New York (microwave). The results indicated a significant reduction in vehicle-pedestrian conflicts, as well as a reduction in the number of pedestrians beginning to cross during the Don’t Walk signal. The differences between microwave and infrared detectors were not significant. Detailed field testing of the microwave equipment in Phoenix revealed that fine-tuning of the detection zone is still needed in order to reduce the number of false calls and missed calls.

scholarly journals Smartphone application-estimated sleep duration before and during COVID-19 in five major metropolitan areas on three different continents (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robbins ◽  
Mahmoud Affouf ◽  
Matthew D Weaver ◽  
Mark É Czeisler ◽  
Laura K Barger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Public health policies to curb the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines among the general population. Sleep deficiency adversely affects immune function and could negatively impact the course of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE We examine changes in estimated sleep duration in five major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data from a smartphone application. Data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone application before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within subject estimated sleep duration before and during COVID-19 using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Among the data: 957,022 out of 2,871,037 observations (33%) were from users in London; 549,151observations (19%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (30%) were from users in New York City, 251,113 (9%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9%) were from users in Stockholm. Average age among the sample was 35 years (±11 years). Prior to COVID-19, those residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean= 6h28m ±11.6m) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean= 7h34m ± 9.9m). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7m increase of estimated sleep duration comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95%CI: 13.1-14.3m, P <.001) and an increase of 22.3m comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95%CI: 21.5-23.1m, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies have provided people worldwide with an increased opportunity to sleep, which may itself enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data

10.2196/20546 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. e20546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robbins ◽  
Mahmoud Affouf ◽  
Matthew D Weaver ◽  
Mark É Czeisler ◽  
Laura K Barger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization

Background Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, public health policies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines (eg, work-from-home policies) that may have enabled longer sleep duration among the general population. Objective We aimed to examine changes in estimated sleep duration in 5 major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data obtained from a smartphone app. The data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone app before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within-subject estimated sleep duration before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear mixed models. Results Among the 2,871,037 observations, 957,022 (33.3%) were from users in London; 549,151 (19.1%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (29.5%) were from users in New York City; 251,113 (8.7%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9.3%) were from users in Stockholm. The average age of the users in the sample was 35 years (SE 11 years). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean 6 hours 28 minutes, SE 11.6 minutes) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean 7 hours 34 minutes, SE 9.9 minutes). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7 minute increase in estimated sleep duration when comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95% CI 13.1-14.3, P<.001) and an increase of 22.3 minutes when comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95% CI 21.5-23.1, P<.001). Conclusions The average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies has provided people worldwide with increased opportunities to sleep, which may enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

Book Reviews

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-146
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
German Industry ◽  
University Of North Carolina ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Nazi Past ◽  
Nazi Era

Clarence Lusane, Hitler’s Black Victims: The Historical Experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi Era (New York and London: Routledge 2002)Review by Kader KonukHelmut Lethen, Cool Conduct: The Culture of Distance in Weimar Germany, trans. Don Reneau (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2002)Review by Daniel MoratJulia Sneeringer, Winning Women’s Votes: Propaganda and Politics in Weimar Germany (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002)Review by Diane J. GuidoS. Jonathan Wiesen, West German Industry and the Challenge of the Nazi Past, 1945-1955 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001)Review by Simon Reich

Les minorités des villes globales : New York et Los Angeles

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
John R. Logan ◽  
Richard D. Alba ◽  
Thomas L. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles

Community-based? Asian American Students, Parents, and Teachers in the Shifting Chinatowns of New York and Los Angeles

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benji Chang ◽  
Juhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Asian American Students ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
American Students ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Holistic Vision

This article examines the experiences of children, parents, and teachers in the New York and Los Angeles Chinatown public schools, as observed by two classroom educators, one based in each city. The authors document trends among the transnational East and Southeast Asian families that comprise the majority in the local Chinatown schools and discuss some of the key intersections of communities and identities within those schools, as well as the pedagogies that try to build upon these intersections in the name of student empowerment and a more holistic vision of student achievement. Ultimately, this article seeks to bring forth the unique perspectives of Chinatown community members and explore how students, families, teachers, school staff and administrators, and community organizers can collaborate to actualize a more transformative public education experience.

New Dimensions of Self-Employment among Asian Americans in Los Angeles and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Le
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
High Skill

This article uses census data from the 2006–08 American Community Survey to illustrate the range of Asian American entrepreneurial activities in the Los Angeles and the New York City areas and finds that Los Angeles self-employment is characterized by emerging high-skill “professional service” industries while New York continues to be dominated by low-skill traditional “enclave-associated” niches. Within these patterns, there are also notable interethnic and generational differences. I discuss their socioeconomic implications and policy recommendations to facilitate a gradual shift of Asian American entrepreneurship toward more professional service activities that reflect the demographic evolution of the Asian American community and the ongoing dynamics of globalization.

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