Durability of Composite Reinforcement for Timber Bridges

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin P. Battles ◽  
Habib J. Dagher ◽  
Beckry Abdel-Magid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
California Department ◽  
Environmental Conditioning

Fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) composites are materials that are increasing in use in civil engineering applications. Despite the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance offered by these organic matrix materials, their susceptibility to the synergistic effects of stress and environmental weathering hinders their widespread acceptance in civil engineering. The durability of a specific formulation of wood-compatible, pultruded, E-glass–phenolic composite is characterized. This composite is unique because its layered structure and void content make it compatible with standard structural wood adhesives. The durability of this wood-compatible FRP reinforcement cannot be directly determined from published work on the durability of E-glass composites because of its unique design. A durability test matrix was generated according to specifications and test standards from the International Conference of Building Officials Evaluation Service, Inc., and from the California Department of Transportation. Physical and mechanical properties that were used as indicators of degradation mechanisms and that applied to the bridge environment included tensile behavior, interlaminar shear strength, void content, and glass-transition temperature. Environmental testing involved exposure to various storage media, such as moisture, saline solutions, and calcium carbonate, followed by mechanical testing. Other exposure treatments included dry heat, cyclic freeze-thaw, accelerated weathering, and natural weathering. In addition to the strength-retention determination after environmental conditioning, control and exposed specimens were examined visually with optical and scanning electron microscopy to determine surface changes and their effect on failure and fracture modes.

Effect of Ceramic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites: A Comparative Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhyarani Biswas ◽  
Alok Satapathy ◽  
Amar Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

In order to obtain the favoured material properties for a particular application, it is important to know how the material performance changes with the filler content under given loading conditions. In this study, a series of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites are fabricated using conventional filler (aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon carbide (SiC) and industrial wastes (red mud and copper slag) particles as filler materials. By incorporating the chosen particulate fillers into the bamboo-fiber reinforced epoxy, synergistic effects, as expected are achieved in the form of modified mechanical properties. Inclusion of fiber in neat epoxy improved the load bearing capacity (tensile strength) and the ability to withstand bending (flexural strength) of the composites. But with the incorporation of particulate fillers, the tensile strengths of the composites are found to be decreasing in most of the cases. Among the particulate filled bamboo-epoxy composites, least value of void content are recorded for composites with silicon carbide filling and for the composites with glass fiber reinforcement minimum void fraction is noted for red mud filling. The effects of these four different ceramics on the mechanical properties of bamboo- epoxy composites are investigated and the conclusions drawn from the above investigation are discussed.

Cure kinetics and autoclave-pressure dependence on physical and mechanical properties of woven carbon/epoxy 8552S/AS4 composite laminates

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110284
Author(s):  
Abd Baghad ◽  
Khalil El Mabrouk ◽  
Sébastien Vaudreuil ◽  
Khalid Nouneh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The final mechanical properties of composite laminates are highly dependent on their curing cycles in the autoclave. During this cycle, the temperature, pressure, vacuum, and treatment time will influence the quality of manufactured parts. The void content is considered the most harmful defects in carbon/epoxy laminates since they weaken the matrix-dominated mechanical properties such as interlaminar shear and compressive strengths. In the present work, differential scanning calorimetry is used to characterize the influence of time/temperature on the behavior of the epoxy resin. Then, a series of [0/90/−45/+45]s laminates composites are autoclave-cured under various applied pressures to evaluate their impact on microstructure and mechanical properties. The interlaminar shear modulus, interlaminar shear strength, laminate compressive modulus, and laminate compressive strength at room and operating engine temperature were measured. The correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties was also studied. The mechanical properties of manufactured carbon/epoxy laminates are found to be dependent on pressure and microstructure. These results are explored to establish an optimal autoclave pressure route that would minimize porosity without counterbalancing mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects Under Ion-Beam Modification of Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Anatoly Borisov ◽  
Boris Krit ◽  
Igor Suminov ◽  
Mikhail Ovchinnikov ◽  
Sergey Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Ion Beam Modification

The combined effect of ion and laser beams on physical and mechanical properties of metal and alloy surfaces has been studied. The technique of determining the main parameters of polyenergetic ion implantation using a vacuum-arc ion source is proposed and evaluated. It is found that treatment with titanium ions and the subsequent laser thermal hardening increase microhardness of steel 45 and U8 up to 6 times.

scholarly journals Studies on the durability of wood-cement particleboards produced with residues of Pinus spp., silica fume, and rice husk ash

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3064-3086
Author(s):  
Adauto José Miranda de Lima ◽  
Setsuo Iwakiri ◽  
Kestur G. Satyanarayana ◽  
María Guadalupe Lomelí-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Cement Particle ◽  
Pinus Spp

Wood-cement composites were considered as substitutes for wood or asbestos cement. This research is focused on the development, characterization, and durability of different wood-cement particle boards composed of wood waste [residual particles of pine species (Pinus spp.)], with silica fume or rice husk ash. The wood-cement panels produced by cold compression were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties after accelerated and natural weathering for 28 and 91 days of curing, respectively. Results indicate that the performance of wood-cement panels containing the Pinus spp. residue was comparable to that of lignocellulosic aggregate in wood cement panels. Pine residue wood panels exhibited high levels of pozzolanic activity, suggesting that silica fume or rice husk ash could be used as a partial substitute in Portland cement. There was a significant loss of mechanical properties over time with both the reference panel and the panel produced with pozzolana. Although there was no direct correlation between the values of accelerated weathering tests and natural weathering tests, there was a larger degradation of the panels after 20 cycles of the accelerated weathering than that after 12 months of natural weathering. Morphology studies supported the observed results.

scholarly journals The most appropriate mixing method of polypropylene fiber with aggregates and bitumen based on binder mix design

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Mohsen Zahedi ◽  
Ramin Bayat ◽  
Mehdi Nazemi Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Article Usage

Asphalt is used in road pavements as the binder of aggregates in a great extent all around the world. Asphalt Modifiers have used in pavement engineering in order to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. One of the most important of them is Polypropylene Fiber that causes increasing stability in the mixture. In this article usage of this fiber in civil engineering and especially in asphalt mixtures is investigated; Mixing methods of fiber with aggregates and bitumen are dry, wet and complex are investigated and the most appropriate method because of homogenous mixing and better result is introduced. Keywords: Polypropylene Fiber, Mixing, Bitumen, Aggregates, Binder.

scholarly journals Accelerated Weathering Performances of Furfurylated and Acetylated Bamboo Sheets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Krisdianto Krisdianto ◽  
Peter Vinden ◽  
Simon Prezwloka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Weathering Process

Bamboo material is a potential wood substitute given that its physical and mechanical properties are comparable with those of wood. As lignocellulose material, bamboo is also degraded for use outdoor. Two significant chemical modification for wood which may work for bamboo material are acetylation and furfurylation. This paper evaluates the weathering performance of furfurylated and acetylated bamboo sheets. Parameters studied include colour changes and contact angle after accelerated weathering process at QUV chamber. The result shows that the total colour differences ( E*) of furfurylation is higher than non-modified strips, while colour differences of acetylated bamboo strips are less than nonmodified strips. To summarize, chemically modified Sheets turn grey after weathering. Slowing of lignin photo-degradation by acetylation is attributed to the acetyl groups, which limits the degradation of lignin. Treating bamboo sheets with acetic anhydride and furfuryl alcohol was found to be effective in protecting bamboo from absorbing water during weather exposure.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Muds of the Fergoug Dam

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
A. Benaissa ◽  
Z. Aloui ◽  
M. S. Ghembaza ◽  
H. Trouzine ◽  
Y. Sebaibi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Physical Chemical

Volumes of dredged sediments are rather considerable and are estimated approximately 600 million m3 per year worldwide. These can represent a very interesting source of raw materials, in particular for a sector consuming aggregates such as civil engineering. The work presented in this article is interested particularly in the valorization of the muds which come from the dam of Fergoug (Algeria), with an aim of improving their mechanical behavior using binders (cement, lime) in order to use them in road engineering. To this end, we carried out a series of physical, chemical, mechanical and mineralogical analyses presented in this paper.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of the pavement performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwański ◽  
A. Chomicz-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Void Content ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluation of two laboratory-based methods of compaction of foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion mixes: impact compaction with a Marshall hammer and static compaction using a hydraulic press. The investigated compaction methods were assessed in terms of their impact on the physical and mechanical properties of produced laboratory specimens, including: air void content, indirect tensile strength before and after conditioning in water (ITSdry, ITSwet), tensile strength ratio (TSR), and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) at 0°C, 10°C and 20°C. The statically compacted specimens attained higher levels of mechanical properties and resistance to moisture damage, which was associated with a lower content of air voids in the specimens formed using a hydraulic press. Authors present a calculation showing that a mechanistic design based on the laboratory static press compaction method leads to overestimation of fatigue cracking resistance of the road base.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Gypsum Composites Reinforced with Retama monosperma Fibers

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Djamel-Eddine Aizi ◽  
Meriem Kaid-Harche
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Retama Monosperma ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

In this pioneering study, Retama monosperma fibers were used in the preparation of a plaster composite dedicated to the field of civil engineering in order to find a substitute for fiberglass as a reinforcement material. Retama monosperma (Rtam) is one of the plant species abundantly available in Mediterranean regions. The localization of fibers at the organic level, the extraction procedure, physical and mechanical properties were studied to compare them with other vegetable fibers currently used in the manufacture of biocomposites. The results obtained show the possibility of improving the mechanical properties of plaster by using the fibers of Retama monosperma. The purpose of this paper is to promote the fibers of Retama monosperma as a building material in civil engineering in order to boost researchers’ interests in this Mediterranean plant.

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