“Off-the-Wall” Pavement Distress Variability Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 1643 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome F. Daleiden ◽  
Amy L. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Variability Study

Variability of pavement surface distress data collection has always been an area of significant concern. When conducting evaluations of distress data manually (with raters observing pavements in question, interpreting what they see, and recording on paper) the process is subject to human errors. To minimize the impact of such human errors on these important pavement performance data, sophisticated equipment has been developed to eliminate as much of the human intervention as possible. Such technology is not without its own limitations of precision and bias. With both methodologies being used for the collection of surface distress data for the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program, questions regarding precision and bias have been identified. In attempting to define the variability of the data for incorporation in stochastic analyses, it has become apparent how diverse and complex these distress data truly are. To adequately quantify the precision and bias, a detailed experiment was designed to evaluate the errors inherent in the different distress data collection methodologies. The facet of the experiment reported targets the variability of human distress surveyors and the biases associated with conducting surveys from film, using a slightly different projection system. Specifically, a collection of surveyors was assembled to establish the variability associated with experienced raters versus novice raters, engineers versus engineering technicians, and teams versus individuals.

Update of Long-Term Pavement Performance Manual Distress Data Variability: Bias and Precision

1998 ◽  
Vol 1643 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo R. Rada ◽  
Chung L. Wu ◽  
Gary E. Elkins ◽  
Rajesh K. Bhandari ◽  
William Y. Bellinger
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pavement Performance Prediction

Pavement distress surveys based upon field interpretation and manual mapping and recording of the distress information on paper forms has been used in the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program to collect important pavement condition and distress data. Although this manual method was used in the past as a backup to the 35-mm black and white photographic-based method, recently the use of manual distress survey methods has increased in intensity and coverage. To promote uniformity and consistency of distress data collection, one of the early LTPP efforts was to develop standard definitions, measurement procedures and data collection forms. Various quality control and quality assurance functions have also been implemented to provide for high quality data. However, despite these efforts, manual surveys are still based upon a single rater’s subjective classification of distresses present in the field. Recognizing that rater variability exists, a study was undertaken by FHWA to assess the level of variability between individual distress raters and to address the potential precision and bias. Results from nine LTPP distress rater-accreditation workshops conducted during the period of 1992 to 1996 were used as the source of data. Analyses of those data led to numerous observations and conclusions regarding the bias and precision of LTPP distress data. Because LTPP distress data are to be used in the development of pavement performance prediction models, it is believed that the level of variability found in this study should be reduced to increase its potential usage in the development of such models. A number of recommendations to improve the variability associated with manual distress surveys data are included.

The storm after the storm: the long-term lingering impacts of hurricanes on schools

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra R. Davis ◽  
Sarah R. Cannon ◽  
Sarah C. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the long-term impacts of hurricanes on schools and discuss approaches to improving recovery efforts.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with 20 school districts in Texas and North Carolina after Hurricanes Harvey (2017) and Matthew (2016). In total, 115 interviews were conducted with teachers, principals, district superintendents and representatives from state education agencies. Interview questions focused on the impact of storms and strategies for recovery.FindingsThe authors uncovered three long-term impacts of hurricanes on schools: (1) constrained instructional time, (2) increased social-emotional needs and (3) the need to support educators.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on two storms, in two states, in two successive years. Data collection occurred in Texas, one academic year after the storm. As compared to the North Carolina, data collection occurred almost two academic years after the storm.Practical implicationsThis paper illuminates strategies for stakeholders to implement and expedite hurricane recovery through; (1) updating curricula plans, (2) providing long-term counselors and (3) supporting educators in and out of school.Originality/valueTo date, very few studies have explored the ways in which schools face long-term impacts following a disaster. This paper provides insight to the challenges that prolong the impacts of disasters and impede recovery in schools. With hurricanes and related disasters continuing to affect schooling communities, more research is needed to identify the best ways to support schools, months to years after an event.

A mechanistic evaluation of modified asphalt paving mixtures

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ali ◽  
Shaher Zahran ◽  
Jim Trogdon ◽  
Art Bergan
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Asphalt Paving ◽  
Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Performance Prediction

The main purpose of this study was to facilitate decisions concerning the effectiveness of modifiers in mitigating pavement distress and improving long-term overall pavement performance in actual field conditions, by utilizing short-term laboratory results and a mathematical prediction model. The modifiers investigated were carbon black, neoprene latex, and polymer modified asphalt (STYRELF). The statistical general linear model (GLM) and the Fisher least significant difference (LSD) were used for the analysis of data. The results of the study indicate that the effect of the modifier on the paving mixture properties was insignificant at low temperatures (down to −17 °C), but significant at high temperatures (up to 60 °C) where the synergistic effect of the modifier on the paving mixture was pronounced. The VESYS IIIA pavement performance prediction model was utilized to assess the effects, if any, of the modifier on the pavement's overall performance. All the modifiers improve, to some degree, the overall pavement performance. Key words: modifiers, asphalt, paving mixtures, pavements, polymer asphalt.

scholarly journals Penguatan Gender dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Birokrasi di Kabupaten Bone Bolango

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Robby Hunawa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Reinforcement Model ◽  
The Impact

The long-term goal of this research is the birth of the process of drawing women's involvement in the bureaucratic decision-making process, and the gender reinforcement model in bureaucratic decision making in Bone Bolango District. The target of the research will be done by stages: 1) identify the problem of constraints faced; and 2) to formulate a model of gender reinforcement in bureaucratic decision making. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through: interview, documentation, and FGD. Further data collected will be analyzed data triangulation. The result of the research is the birth of a model of gender reinforcement in decision making bureaucracy. The impact of the study will provide answers on women's partisifasi in decision making. During this time the existence of women is very much ruled out. The presence of female figures in the public dimension brings new trends in the context of government. Women want to be treated proportionally. This tendency has implications for the inclusion of women to compete with men to become leaders.

Regional Quality Groups Enhance Effectiveness of Vascular Quality Initiative®

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joie Dunn ◽  
Fred A. Weaver ◽  
Karen Woo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Quality Initiatives ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Voice Data ◽  
The Impact

The Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI)® is a national collaborative of regional quality groups that collect and analyze data to improve vascular health care. The Southern California Vascular Outcomes Improvement Collaborative (So Cal VOICe) is the regional quality group for southern California. Initial quality initiatives chosen by the So Cal VOICe are preoperative and discharge antiplatelet and statin therapy and vascular access guidance during percutaneous endovascular procedures. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of the regional quality group structure on the effectiveness of the So Cal VOICe. Data are entered by each institution into a cloud-based data collection and reporting system. So Cal VOICe data from January 2011 to July 2014 was analyzed in 6-month intervals. Preoperative statin and antiplatelet use increased from 58.87 to 71.81 per cent ( P = 0.0082) and 60.8 to 78.38 per cent ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Discharge statin and antiplatelet use increased from 69.09 to 80.37 per cent ( P = 0.0037) and 80.47 to 88.11 per cent ( P = 0.0148), respectively. Vascular access guidance improved from 32.89 to 76.23 per cent ( P < 0.0001). Our results demonstrate the unique regional quality group structure of the VQI® improves compliance with selected process measures in the So Cal VOICe. Continued data collection will determine the impact of these process improvements on long-term patient outcomes.

Investigating the impact of immune related adverse events, glucocorticoids use and immunotherapy interruption on long-term survival outcomes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14551-e14551
Author(s):  
Charline Lafayolle de la Bruyère ◽  
Julien Peron ◽  
Pierre Jean Souquet
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

e14551 Background: It remains unclear whether immune related adverse events (irAEs) and glucocorticoids use could impact long term-outcomes in patients treated for solid tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Methods: All patients treated with a single-agent ICI for any advanced cancer were included in this retrospective multicentric study. Objectives were to assess the impact of grade 3+ irAEs, glucocorticoids use and interruption of immunotherapy on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Data collection was performed retrospectively using a standardized data collection form. Adverse events were categorized as irAEs based on the judgement of the treating physicians, based on the common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Only grade 3 and more irAEs were considered in this study. As irAEs might happen late during the follow-up and progression event or death might happen early, an immortal-time bias might occur as patients responding to ICI will receive the ICI and then be exposed to irAE for a longer period of time. The first occurrence of an irAE was then included in Cox models, as a time-varying covariate. Similar methods were used to evaluate the impact of glucocorticoids introduction or ICI interruption. Results: In this 828 patients’ cohort, 78 patients presented at least one grade 3+ irAE. The first occurrence of grade 3+ irAEs had no significant impact on PFS (HR 0,94; 95%CI 0.7-1.26; p = 0,70) or OS (HR 0.82; 95%CI 0.6-1,12; p = 0,21). 65% of patients with anti CTLA4 and 55% of patients with anti PD(L)1 requested glucocorticoids, which was associated with a significant shorter PFS (adjusted HR 3.0; 95%CI 1.6-5.4; p = 0.00040) and a trend toward shorter OS. Grade 3+ irAEs led to interruption of the ICI in 82 % of patients, which was associated with a significant shorter PFS (adjusted HR 3.5; 95%CI 1.7-6.0; p < 0.00043) and shorter OS (HR 4.5; 95%CI 1.7-12.1; p = 0.0027). The use of glucocorticoids was statistically associated with immunotherapy interruption. Conclusions: In our population of patients treated with single agent ICI, grade 3+ irAEs did not impact long-term outcomes. However, the need for glucocorticoids and the interruption of immunotherapy resulted in poorer long-term outcomes. The impact of grade 3+ irAEs reported in other studies might then be explained by the management of the irAEs.

Natural hazard risks in Central Africa: a transdisciplinary approach towards disaster risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Michellier ◽  
Olivier Dewitte ◽  
François Kervyn
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Natural hazards have significant impact on society (people, assets, services, livelihoods and economic growth). Over the past decades, natural hazard disaster risks have increased globally. Due to high population densities, frequently on the rise and combined with high societal vulnerability, natural hazard disasters disproportionately hit regions of the Global south. In addition, these regions are environments where natural hazard and disaster risks are under-researched, and where the population remains under-informed. This is particularly the case of Sub-Saharan Africa: multiple challenges, such as economic development, population growth, environmental issues, and climate change associated to natural disasters risk, are burdened by scientific data scarcity associated with the lack of widely disseminated knowledge to the public. This has a significant negative impact on development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To cope such a context, the Royal Museum for Central Africa works in partnership with 10 Central African institutions. In DRC, this partnership involves the Institut G&amp;#233;ographique du Congo (Kinshasa and Goma), the Goma Volcano Observatory, the Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro, the Universit&amp;#233; Officielle de Bukavu, the Universit&amp;#233; de Goma and the Civil Protection (North and South Kivu); in Burundi, with the Universit&amp;#233; du Burundi; and, in Uganda, with the Mbarara University of Science and Technology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The overall long-term objective of the partnership is to contribute to mitigating natural hazards and associated risks in Central Africa. More specifically, it aims to develop knowledge, expertise, awareness and support for local, national and regional initiatives by following three specific objectives: 1/ academic training of PhD and master students, in order to strengthen the local scientific knowledge regarding risk understanding and assessment, in support to local universities, 2/ hazard and disaster data collection through the development of two citizen scientists networks in collaboration with the Civil Protection in charge of disaster risk prevention and management, to promote long term data collection, storage and analysis, 3/ improving awareness and risk preparedness with the use of a natural disaster risk awareness-raising board game in secondary schools and the implementation of two local geohazards information centres, opened for the general public, in collaboration both with disaster risk managers and scientists of the region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To summarise, the RMCA&amp;#8217;s partnership aims to target a wide range of stakeholders concerned by natural hazard risks and disasters, from academic or research groups to citizens and policy makers, in the concern of enhancing disaster risk communication, and contribute to the development of risk culture. The impact of the tools implemented will be analysed with a view to contributing not only to the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Action, but also to supporting the Sustainable Development Goals.&lt;/p&gt;

Calibration of Flexible Pavement Performance Equations for Minnesota Road Research Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 1853 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Timm ◽  
David E. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Design System ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Performance Project

As mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design gains wider acceptance as a viable design methodology, there is a critical need for a well-calibrated design system. Calibration of the pavement performance equations is essential to link pavement responses under load to observed field performance. A field calibration procedure for asphalt pavements that incorporates live traffic, environmental effects, observed performance, and in situ material characterization was developed. The procedure follows the M-E design process, iterating the transfer function coefficients until the performance equation accurately predicts pavement distress. Test sections from the Minnesota Road Research Project were used to demonstrate the calibration process, and fatigue and rutting performance equations were developed. It is recommended that further calibration studies be undertaken with this methodology, possibly by using sections from the Long-Term Pavement Performance project.

scholarly journals Design Choices and Tradeoffs for Mobile Ecologic Momentary Assessment Research (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Woolf ◽  
Attia Goheer ◽  
Katherine Holzhauer ◽  
Jonathan Martinez ◽  
Janelle W. Coughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Research

UNSTRUCTURED Collecting data on daily habits across a population of individuals is challenging. Circadian ecological momentary assessment (cEMA) is a powerful frame for observing the impact of daily living on long-term health. In this paper we: 1) Describe the design and rationale for specifications of a mobile-based cEMA application (mobile App) to collect timing of eating and sleeping data, and 2) Compare cEMA and survey data as part of a 6-month observational cohort study assessing the association between timing of eating and sleeping and weight. The ultimate goal of this paper is to summarize our experience and lessons learned with the Daily24 mobile App and to highlight the pros and cons of this data collection modality. Our particular use case illustrates general trends for this type of App. Data collected through the mobile application captured more variability in eating windows than data collected through a one-time survey, though at a significant cost. Researchers should consider the potential uses of a mobile App beyond the initial data collection when deciding whether the time and monetary expenditure is advisable for their situation and goals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document