Development of an Aggregate Fuel Consumption Model for Signalized Intersections

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Yun Liao ◽  
Randy B. Machemehl
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Aggregate Model ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
Consumption Model

An aggregate model to estimate intersection fuel consumption is developed, and the effects of signal timing on fuel consumption are investigated. A conceptual framework is proposed to identify interrelationships among traffic characteristics, signal control strategies, and roadway geometric conditions. On the basis of the framework, an Analytical Fuel Consumption Model (AFCM) is developed to estimate fuel consumption at signalized intersections. The AFCM, based on considerations of vehicle operating conditions, describes how fuel is consumed on three street segments (inbound approach, intersection itself, and outbound leg) for three signal cycle stages (the effective red time, queue departure time t0, and remaining green time). Numerical experiments are conducted to test the AFCM estimation capability and to investigate the effects of signal timing on fuel consumption. Results of numerical experiments are compared with results from the TEXAS simulation model using two criteria: differences of total fuel consumption and correlation coefficients of elapsed fuel consumption. Results from the TEXAS model are within 10 percent of those from the AFCM, and the elapsed fuel consumption is highly correlated. This indicates that total fuel consumption estimated from the AFCM is very close to the results from the TEXAS model, which suggests that the mathematical representations of the AFCM might be used to replace the simulation-based model. Moreover, the results from these experiments indicate that total fuel consumption with respect to signal cycle time at signalized intersections possesses a convex pattern, and the optimal cycle length for minimization of fuel consumption can be obtained.

A new system configuration design and power management strategies for a multi-source hybrid truck

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhe Li ◽  
Yanjun Huang ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Structure ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Power Management Strategy

In this article, a novel system configuration with multiple energy sources is proposed for a hybrid truck in order to reduce fuel consumption and overcome the drawbacks of using a single energy source. The energy-saving characteristics of the hybrid system can be displayed after analyzing its system structure and performances. In order to validate the advantages of this presented system, the dynamic models of the system components are established in a MATLAB/Simulink environment, and initial and improved power management strategies with rule-based algorithms are developed. Then, the hybrid system is simulated based on the models and control strategies over the urban dynamometer driving schedule driving cycle. The simulation results show that the fuel consumption employing the initial power management strategy is 12.49 L/100 km, and there is a significant decrease with around 13.6% based on the improved strategy. The results also verify that the better fuel economy can be achieved by the proposed multi-source system compared to the counterparts under the same operating conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation Methods of Motor-and-Tractor Diesel Engines Operating Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Б.С. Антропов ◽  
В.В. Капралов ◽  
В.В. Гумённый ◽  
В.А. Генералов
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Engine Operating Condition ◽  
Tractor Diesel

При выборе метода оценки условий эксплуатации автотракторных дизельных двигателей необходимо учитывать, среди прочих факторов, наиболее часто используемые фазы движения конкретного автомобиля, от которых зависит режим работы двигателя. В статье предложены критерии качественной оценки условий эксплуатации для различных транспортных средств. Для оценки «тяжести» условий эксплуатации тракторов при выполнении различных сельскохозяйственных работ (пахота, боронование, посев и др.) целесообразно учитывать средний эксплуатационный расход топлива. В этом случае указанный параметр определяется отношением общего расхода топлива в литрах к общему времени выполнения трактором конкретной работы в часах. Для автобусов, работающих на маршрутах «Ярославль – центры муниципальных образований», как и для аналогичных перевозок в других регионах нашей страны, рассматриваемый параметр малоинформативен. Здесь для оценки их условий эксплуатации имеет смысл использовать коэффициент КS – количество остановок, приходящееся на один километр маршрута. Для автопредприятий, осуществляющих перевозки пассажиров по указанным маршрутам, рекомендуется проводить плановую ротацию автобусов по маршрутам согласно составленному графику, что позволит усреднить показатели надёжности узлов и агрегатов автобусов (неисправности и отказы) до их капитального ремонта. When choosing a method for assessing the operating conditions of diesel motor engines, it is necessary to take into account, among other factors, the most commonly used phases of movement of a particular vehicle on which engine operating condition depends. The article proposes criteria for the qualitative assessment of operating conditions for various vehicles. It is advisable to take into account the average operational fuel consumption in order to assess the "heaviness" of tractor operation conditions when doing various agricultural works (plowing, harrowing, sowing, etc.). In this case, specified parameter is determined by the ratio of the total fuel consumption in liters to the total tractor time of the particular operation in hours. For buses operating on the routes "Yaroslavl – centers of municipalities", as for similar transportation in other regions of our country, the parameter under consideration is not informative. Here, to evaluate their operating conditions, it makes sense to use the KS coefficient – the number of stops per kilometer of the route. For automobile companies carrying out passenger transportation along the indicated routes, it is recommended to carry out a planned rotation of buses along the routes according to the made up schedule, which will allow averaging the individual reliability of bus assemblies (faults and failures) before their general overhaul.

scholarly journals Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4747
Author(s):  
Sascha Krysmon ◽  
Frank Dorscheidt ◽  
Johannes Claßen ◽  
Marc Düzgün ◽  
Stefan Pischinger
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Calibration Time

The combination of different propulsion and energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles is changing the focus in the field of powertrain calibration. Shorter time-to-market as well as stricter legal requirements regarding the validation of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) require the adaptation of current procedures and the implementation of new technologies in the powertrain development process. In order to achieve highest efficiencies and lowest pollutant emissions at the same time, the layout and calibration of the control strategies for the powertrain and the exhaust gas aftertreatment system must be precisely matched. An optimal operating strategy must take into account possible trade-offs in fuel consumption and emission levels, both under highly dynamic engine operation and under extended environmental operating conditions. To achieve this with a high degree of statistical certainty, the combination of advanced methods and the use of virtual test benches offers significant potential. An approach for such a combination is presented in this paper. Together with a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench, the novel methodology enables a targeted calibration process, specifically designed to address calibration challenges of hybridized powertrains. Virtual tests executed on a HiL test bench are used to efficiently generate data characterizing the behavior of the system under various conditions with a statistically based evaluation identifying white spots in measurement data, used for calibration and emission validation. In addition, critical sequences are identified in terms of emission intensity, fuel consumption or component conditions. Dedicated test scenarios are generated and applied on the HiL test bench, which take into account the state of the system and are adjusted depending on it. The example of one emission calibration use case is used to illustrate the benefits of using a HiL platform, which achieves approximately 20% reduction in calibration time by only showing differences of less than 2% for fuel consumption and emission levels compared to real vehicle tests.

Macroscopic Relationship between Traffic Condition and Fuel Consumption for an Urban Road Network: Case Study of Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 604-615
Author(s):  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Guohua Song ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Hongyu Lu ◽  
Jianping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption

The waste of fuel causing by traffic congestion is a challenge faced by urban traffic management authorities and travelers. At the same time, massive traffic data allows high-resolution understanding of on-road operating conditions. The development of an algorithm to estimate total fuel consumption from primary traffic condition indices, for example, network average speed, will simplify the evaluation of fuel consumption from the management perspective and guide strategy at the local area level. The objective of this study is to develop a macroscopic relationship between total fuel consumption and the network average speed for an urban road network. Floating car data (FCD) covering 13 weekdays was collected in the field in Beijing, China. FCD from 10 ordinary weekdays are used to develop a quantitative model to define the macroscopic relationship between total fuel consumption and network average speed. The model is then validated by the FCD of the other three weekdays when the traffic demand is low. The average of the resultant absolute relative errors from the validation is found to be 4.65%, which indicates a reasonably high reliability of the developed model under various traffic conditions. The facility- and speed-specific distributions of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) are analyzed to explain the macroscopic relationship. The result indicates that the link VKT distribution at different speeds varies greatly when the traffic became congested on expressways. The link VKT distributions are similar for different traffic conditions on arterials and collectors.

Optimization for speed regulation strategy of compound coupled hydro-mechanical transmission

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702098056
Author(s):  
Jin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Shen ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Yurun Song ◽  
Xiaohan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Wheel Loaders

Heavy duty vehicles, especially special vehicles, including wheel loaders and sprinklers, generally work with drastic changes in load. With the usage of a conventional hydraulic mechanical transmission, they face with these problems such as low efficiency, high fuel consumption and so forth. Some scholars focus on the research to solve these issues. However, few of them take into optimal strategies the fluctuation of speed ratio change, which can also cause a lot of problems. In this study, a novel speed regulation is proposed which cannot only solve problems above but also overcome impact caused by speed ratio change. Initially, based on the former research of the Compound Coupled Hydro-mechanical Transmission (CCHMT), the basic characteristics of CCHMT are analyzed. Besides, to solve these problems, dynamic programming algorithm is utilized to formulate basic speed regulation strategy under specific operating condition. In order to reduce the problem caused by speed ratio change, a new optimization is applied. The results indicate that the proposed DP optimal speed regulation strategy has better performance on reducing fuel consumption by up to 1.16% and 6.66% in driving cycle JN1015 and in ECE R15 working condition individually, as well as smoothing the fluctuation of speed ratio by up to 12.65% and 19.01% in those two driving cycles respectively. The processes determining the speed regulation strategy can provide a new method to formulate the control strategies of CCHMT under different operating conditions particularlly under real-world conditions.

Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Variable Injection Timing System Performance Evaluation and Optimum Setting for Minimum Fuel Consumption at Acceptable NOx Levels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Spiridon Raptotasios ◽  
Antonis Antonopoulos ◽  
Stavros Daniolos ◽  
Iosif Dolaptzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Start Of Injection

Currently the most promising solution for marine propulsion is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engine. Start of Injection (SOI) is of significant importance for these engines due to its effect on firing pressure and specific fuel consumption. Therefore these engines are usually equipped with Variable Injection Timing (VIT) systems for variation of SOI with load. Proper operation of these systems is essential for both safe engine operation and performance since they are also used to control peak firing pressure. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate the operation of VIT system and determine the required rack settings for a specific SOI angle without using experimental techniques, which are extremely expensive and time consuming. For this reason in the present work it is examined the use of on-board monitoring and diagnosis techniques to overcome this difficulty. The application is conducted on a commercial vessel equipped with a two-stroke engine from which cylinder pressure measurements were acquired. From the processing of measurements acquired at various operating conditions it is determined the relation between VIT rack position and start of injection angle. This is used to evaluate the VIT system condition and determine the required settings to achieve the desired SOI angle. After VIT system tuning, new measurements were acquired from the processing of which results were derived for various operating parameters, i.e. brake power, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate, start of combustion etc. From the comparative evaluation of results before and after VIT adjustment it is revealed an improvement of specific fuel consumption while firing pressure remains within limits. It is thus revealed that the proposed method has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of purely experimental trial and error methods and that its use can result to fuel saving with minimum effort and time. To evaluate the corresponding effect on NOx emissions, as required by Marpol Annex-VI regulation a theoretical investigation is conducted using a multi-zone combustion model. Shop-test and NOx-file data are used to evaluate its ability to predict engine performance and NOx emissions before conducting the investigation. Moreover, the results derived from the on-board cylinder pressure measurements, after VIT system tuning, are used to evaluate the model’s ability to predict the effect of SOI variation on engine performance. Then the simulation model is applied to estimate the impact of SOI advance on NOx emissions. As revealed NOx emissions remain within limits despite the SOI variation (increase).

scholarly journals Trajectory Planning Method for Mixed Vehicles Considering Traffic Stability and Fuel Consumption at the Signalized Intersection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shan Fang ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Tianqi Wang ◽  
Shoucai Jing
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Trigonometric Model

Traffic lights force vehicles to stop frequently at signalized intersections, which leads to excessive fuel consumption, higher emissions, and travel delays. To address these issues, this study develops a trajectory planning method for mixed vehicles at signalized intersections. First, we use the intelligent driver car-following model to analyze the string stability of traffic flow upstream of the intersection. Second, we propose a mixed-vehicle trajectory planning method based on a trigonometric model that considers prefixed traffic signals. The proposed method employs the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) model controller to simulate the trajectory when connected vehicles (equipped with internet access) follow the optimal advisory speed. Essentially, only connected vehicle trajectories need to be controlled because normal vehicles simply follow the connected vehicles according to the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). The IDM model aims to minimize traffic oscillation and ensure that all vehicles pass the signalized intersection without stopping. The results of a MATLAB simulation indicate that the proposed method can reduce fuel consumption and NOx, HC, CO2, and CO concentrations by 17%, 22.8%, 17.8%, 17%, and 16.9% respectively when the connected vehicle market penetration is 50 percent.

Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsions in a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Gonguntla ◽  
Robert Raine ◽  
Leigh Ramsey ◽  
Thomas Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission

The objective of this project was to develop both engine performance and emission profiles for two test fuels — a 6% water-in-diesel oil emulsion (DOE-6) fuel and a neat diesel (D100) fuel. The testing was performed on a single cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. Output parameters of the engine were used to calculate Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Engine Efficiency (η) for each test fuel. DOE-6 fuels generated a 24% reduction in NOX and a 42% reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions over the tested operating conditions. DOE-6 fuels presented higher ignition delays — between 1°-4°, yielded 1%–12% lower peak cylinder pressures and produced up to 5.5% lower exhaust temperatures. Brake Specific Fuel consumption increased by 6.6% for the DOE-6 fuels as compared to the D100 fuels. This project is the first research done by a New Zealand academic institution on water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.

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