Intersection Angle Geometry and the Driver’s Field of View

1998 ◽  
Vol 1612 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gattis ◽  
Sonny T. Low
Keyword(s):  
Acute Angle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Intersection Angle ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
The Right

At a skewed-angle intersection with the acute angle to the right of a driver on the minor roadway (the approach required to stop or yield), the vehicle body may obstruct the minor-road driver’s line of sight. Body parts that may obstruct the line of sight include the door frame, a panel aft of the door, or the cargo box of a single-unit truck. If the combination of vehicle design and intersection skew angle restrict a driver’s line of sight to the right, safety may be compromised. This research project evaluated obstructions caused by the bodies of a number of vehicles. The researchers measured the angles at which drivers’ lines of sight were obstructed by the body of their vehicles. Two driving positions were used—“sit back” and “lean forward.” A 13.5-degree vision angle (with respect to a line perpendicular to the vehicle path) was selected to represent an intermediate posture between the sit-back and the lean-forward positions. With a 13.5-degree vision angle in some restrictive vehicles, the 60-degree minimum intersection angle allowed by A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (“Green Book”) will cause the driver’s line of sight to be obstructed by the vehicle itself and offer only limited sight distance. When the acute angle is to the minor-road driver’s right, minimum angles of 70 degrees or more may be more appropriate, depending on the through-road speed.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

Demonstration of the relationship between MSD and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kochu Therisa Karingada ◽  
Michael Sony
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has caught many educational institutions by surprise and warranted an abrupt migration from offline to online learning. This has resulted in an education change, without any time for due consideration, as regards its impact on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) on students. The purpose of this study is to investigate MSD related to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students in India. In total, 261 students participated in this online survey.FindingsThe study finds that around 80% of students have reported some symptom in the head, neck and eyes since they started online learning. In total, 58% have reported MSD symptom in the right shoulder and 56% in the right hand fingers. Besides, more than 40 % of students experienced some MSD symptoms, in almost all the body parts studied, due to online learning. Correlation analysis is conducted between time spent on online learning per day and MSD symptoms.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted on MSD and online learning during COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical morphology and growth of the hermit crab Pagurus filholi (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae) reared in non-dextral shell conditions

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Imafuku ◽  
Hisakazu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pagurus Filholi ◽  
Control Body ◽  
The Right ◽  
De Man ◽  
Major Cheliped

The body of a hermit crab shows asymmetrical morphology, which may be related to utilization of the dextral shell. To examine the effect of the shell, we reared Pagurus filholi (De Man, 1887) from the glaucothoe stage to full-sized adults, in a sinistral shell, in a straight tusk shell, without a shell, and in a normal dextral shell as a control. Body parts that show the most conspicuous asymmetry, uropods, pleopods and chelipeds, were checked at the time of the shedding of exuviae during rearing. No inversion of laterality on these characters was observed. However, in crabs subjected to conditions other than a dextral shell, the otherwise rather short right uropod became somewhat extended, and in those reared in sinistral shells, the right major cheliped was more enlarged.

scholarly journals Measurement of Several Bodies Parts of Super Kampong Chicken Reared Intensively

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasil Tamzil ◽  
Budi Indarsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
The Right ◽  
Female Chicken

The study was designed to determine the size of some body parts of the Super Kampong chicken and its relationship with body weight. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of Animal Science Faculty, University of Mataram, in Lingsar Village, West Lombok. The study used 60 male and 96 female Super Kampong chickens which were maintained intensively. The variables observed were body weight, head circumference, neck length, wing length, back length, chest circumference, chest width, upper and lower thigh length, metatarsus length, metatarsus circumference, and third finger length. Measurements were made for each individual bird at 13 weeks of age using yarn then measured with a tape measure, while the dimension of chest width was assigned  by measuring the distance between the right and right sides of the chest using calipers. The results found that the body parts that had the biggest contribution to the body weight of the Super Kampong chickens at 13 weeks old were the size of the lower thigh length in the male chicken and the size of the chest circumference in the female chicken.

Comparing Violinists’ Body Movements While Standing, Sitting, and in Sitting Orientations to the Right or Left of a Music Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Spahn ◽  
Céline Wasmer ◽  
Franziska Eickhoff ◽  
Manfred Nusseck
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
3D Motion Capture

OBJECTIVES: For violinists, it is common practice to play while standing or sitting. When playing in an orchestra, generally two persons share one music stand, with one sitting to the right and the other to the left of the stand. The present study investigated specific movement patterns while playing in these different positions. METHODS: Using a posturographic device and 3D motion capture, the body weight distributions and specific body movements of 19 violinists were analyzed. RESULTS: Results showed unbalanced weight distributions while sitting in front of or oriented to the right of the music stand compared to the almost even distributions while standing or oriented to the left of the stand. Analyses of movement patterns showed significant differences between standing and sitting, mainly in the upper body parts with less movability while sitting. While sitting in front of or oriented to the right of the music stand, the right bowing arm showed more restricted movements compared to other positions. CONCLUSION: The playing positions are discussed with regard to possible physiological stress and health risks. The study emphasizes the importance of different playing positions and offers starting points for discussion of postural influences and sensible handling of the instrument in performance and practice for violinists.

Somatic Delusions in Schizophrenia and the Affective Psychoses

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain McGilchrist ◽  
John Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Research Diagnostic Criteria

BackgroundDelusions relating to the body, a ready source of information about the immediate experiences of psychotic patients, have not been systematically studied. We attempted an account of the phenomena, looking for differences between diagnostic groupings in the type and lateralisation of such phenomena, and for evidence of localisation.MethodSomatic delusions elicited at interview with 550 Research Diagnostic Criteria-diagnosed psychotic patients were categorised according to content, and the results were compared across diagnostic groupings.ResultsSignificant differences were demonstrated, both at the level of individual delusions and in the nature and overall pattern of such delusions. There were also differences between diagnostic groups in the choice of body parts involved. Among male patients there were significant differences in laterality between the groups, with schizophrenic subjects locating abnormal phenomena principally on the left and depressive subjects on the right. A provisional taxonomy of bodily delusions was developed.ConclusionPhenomenological differences between the psychoses were demonstrated and the results offer some support for current hypotheses of localisation of brain dysfunction in the psychotic illnesses.

Assessment of Hand-Arm Vibration Exposure among Motorcyclist in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darliana Mohamad ◽  
Baba Md Deros ◽  
Dian Darina Indah Daruis ◽  
Nor Kamaliana Khamis ◽  
Nurul Hidayah Md Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pave Road ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
The Right

Motorcyclists are road users that highly exposed to hand-arm vibration that may contribute to body discomfort and fatigue that eventually will lead to road accidents and injuries. The two main objectives of this study are to identify the body parts that experience discomfort among motorcyclist and to understand the vibration exposure effect on different road types. In this study, two research methodologies were used; first, a survey questionnaire of 100 motorcyclists and second, an experimental study on hand-arm vibration (HAV) measurement exposed on motorcyclist using accelerometer mounted on the right side handlebars of the motorcycle. Two male respondents with a different weight range, 45-65 kg and >70 kg are selected for this experiment. The experiment was conducted on two different types of roads: tarmac road and pave road within a speed limit of 20-40 m/s2. Results of the study showed that the motorcyclist usually experienced body discomfort at lower back, upper back, wrist, buttock and neck area. The root-mean-square (r.m.s) frequency-weighted acceleration on the handlebars of the motorcycles was in the range of 0.07 m/s r.m.s for the tarmac road and 0.42 m/s r.m.s for the pave road. This value shows that different road type is affecting the vibration exposed to the motorcyclist. Clearly there’s a vibration felt by the motorcyclist but not on the degree of causing pain but a prolonged exposure to this vibration may induce discomfort and injuries.

scholarly journals Spatial Information of Somatosensory Stimuli in the Brain: Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
In-Seon Lee ◽  
Won-mo Jung ◽  
Hi-Joon Park ◽  
Younbyoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Background. Multivoxel pattern analysis has provided new evidence on somatotopic representation in the human brain. However, the effects of stimulus modality (e.g., penetrating needle versus non-penetrating touch) and level of classification (e.g., multiclass versus binary classification) on patterns of brain activity encoding spatial information of body parts have not yet been studied. We hypothesized that performance of brain-based prediction models may vary across the types of stimuli, and neural patterns of voxels in the SI and parietal cortex would significantly contribute to the prediction of stimulated locations. Objective. We aimed to (1) test whether brain responses to tactile stimuli could distinguish among stimulated locations on the body surface, (2) investigate whether the stimulus modality and number of classes affect classification performance, and (3) localize brain regions encoding the spatial information of somatosensory stimuli. Methods. Fifteen healthy participants completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and were stimulated via the insertion of acupuncture needles or by non-invasive touch stimuli (5.46-sized von Frey filament). Participants received the stimuli at four different locations on the upper and lower limbs (two sites each) for 5 min while blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity (BOLD) was measured using 3-Tesla MRI. We performed multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) using parameter estimate images of each trial for each participant and the support vector classifier (SVC) function, and the prediction accuracy and other MVPA outcomes were evaluated using stratified five-fold cross validation. We estimated the significance of the classification accuracy using a permutation test with randomly labeled training data (n=10,000). Searchlight analysis was conducted to identify brain regions associated with significantly higher accuracy compared to predictions based on chance as obtained from a random classifier. Results. For the four-class classification (classifying four stimulated points on the body), SVC analysis of whole-brain beta values in response to acupuncture stimulation was able to discriminate among stimulated locations (mean accuracy, 0.31; q<0.01). The searchlight analysis found that values related to the right primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and intraparietal sulcus were significantly more accurate than those due to chance (p<0.01). On the other hand, the same classifier did not predict stimulated locations accurately for touch stimulation (mean accuracy, 0.25; q=0.66). For binary classification (discriminating between two stimulated body parts, i.e., the arm or leg), the SVC algorithm successfully predicted the stimulated body parts for both acupuncture (mean accuracy, 0.63; q<0.001) and touch stimulation (mean accuracy, 0.60; q<0.01). Searchlight analysis revealed that predictions based on the right SI, primary motor cortex (MI), paracentral gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were significantly more accurate compared to predictions based on chance (p<0.05). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the SI, as well as the MI, intraparietal sulcus, paracentral gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus, is responsible for the somatotopic representation of body parts stimulated by tactile stimuli. The MVPA approach for identifying neural patterns encoding spatial information of somatosensory stimuli may be affected by the stimulus type (penetrating needle versus non-invasive touch) and the number of classes (classification of four small points on the body versus two large body parts). Future studies with larger samples will identify stimulus-specific neural patterns representing stimulated locations, independent of subjective tactile perception and emotional responses. Identification of distinct neural patterns of body surfaces will help in improving neural biomarkers for pain and other sensory percepts in the future.

scholarly journals “Knowing Your Body Well” Menggunakan Media Monopoli Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Diri

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Boby Agil Prasetyo ◽  
Izza Lu’lu’ul Jannah ◽  
Tyas Ayu Putri Kiswanto ◽  
Yuniawatika Yuniawatika
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Empowering Teachers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sexual Body

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tentang pengenalan anggota tubuh dan bagian-bagian yang perlu dijaga lewat media monopoli. Pemberian pengetahuan tentang anatomi tubuh, kesehatan seksual, fungsi organ reproduksi sangat dibutuhkan anak-anak, lebih tepatnya pada masa menyongsong pubertas. Karena pubertas, bagian tubuh seksual siswa mulai tumbuh. Hal itu menyebabkan risiko kekerasan seksual meningkat. Pemberdayaan guru untuk memberi penyuluhan tentang menjaga bagian tubuh seksual pada siswa sangat diperlukan sebagai langkah antisipatif untuk meminimalisir peluang terjadinya kekerasan seksual. Pemilihanmetode tepat diperlukan agar materi yang akan disampaikan dapat terintegrasi secara optimal. Maka dari itu kreativitas dan penguasaan dalam media pembelajaran sangat dibutuhkan dimana dalam program kali ini menggunakan game monopoli. Mekanisme dari pelaksanaan kegiatan program dibagi dalam beberapa tahap, (1) tahap persiapan, pengorganisasian, (2) survey, (3) pelaksanaan, dan (4) tahap evaluasi kegiatan program. Hasil dari program kerja ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan baik dari para staff pengajar lewat macam media pembelajaran inovatif maupun bagi para siswa terutama terhadap materi yang disampaikan terkait knowing your body well, antusiasme dan keaktifan peserta sebagai bentuk ketertarikan terhadap program, terciptanya media pembelajaran monopoli itu sendiri, dan publikasi pada media massa.  Kata kunci— Media Belajar, Menjaga Diri, Monopoli. Abstract The purpose of this program aims to introduction of limbs and parts that need to be maintained through monopoly media. Giving knowledge about the anatomy of the body, sexual health, the function of the reproductive organs is needed by children, more precisely during the period of puberty. Because of puberty, parts of a student's sexual body begin to grow. That causes the risk of sexual violence to increase. Empowering teachers to provide counseling about maintaining sexual body parts for students is needed as an anticipatory step to minimize opportunities for sexual violence. The selection of the right method is needed so that the material to be delivered can be optimally integrated. Therefore creativity and mastery in learning media are needed where in this program uses monopoly games. The mechanism of implementing program activities is divided into several stages, (1) the preparation, organizing, (2) surveys, (3) implementation, and (4) evaluation of program activities. The result of this work program is an increase in knowledge both from teaching staff through a variety of innovative learning media and for students, especially to the material delivered related to knowing your body well, enthusiasm and activeness of participants as a form of interest in the program, the creation of monopolistic learning media itself, and publication in mass media. Keywords— Learning Media, Guarding Yourself, Monopoly

scholarly journals Income Redistribution, Body Part Redistribution, and Respect for the Separateness of Persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazor
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Rights ◽  
Separateness Of Persons ◽  
The Right

This article considers the question of why labor income may be permissibly redistributed to the poor even though non-essential body parts should generally be protected from redistribution to the infirm – the body-income puzzle.  It argues that proposed solutions that affirm self-ownership but reject ownership of labor income are unsuccessful.  And proposed solutions that grant individuals entitlements to resources based on the centrality of those resources to the individual’s personal identity are also unsuccessful.  Instead, this article defends a solution to the body-income puzzle based on a novel conception of respect for the separateness of persons.  This conception holds that the sphere of moral authority protected from interference by respect for the separateness of persons includes both the body and labor income.  And the strength of the negative rights constituting this sphere vary based on these rights' importance to the personal identity of the right-holder.  It is shown that a commitment to helping the disadvantaged tempered by this conception of respect for the separateness of persons can solve the body-income puzzle.

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