Relevance Found: Incorporating Outcomes in Transportation Planning

1997 ◽  
Vol 1606 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Mazur ◽  
Peter M. Zabierek
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Six critical trends (competition between government programs; increasing state and local competition for federal money; performance targets and partnerships; irrelevance of traditional needs studies; core component of existing goals and objectives; and fragmentation of interest groups and stakeholders) that suggest explicit measurement of outcomes in transportation planning and management activities are identified and discussed. Outcome measures reflect an agency’s success in meeting its stated goals and objectives; they typically relate the effect of agency activities and programs on people and the environment, as well as customer satisfaction. This broad, qualitative information is not provided by traditional output measures, which reflect the quantity of resources used, activities performed by an organization, and efficiency in converting resources to products. Output measures are very important for many management and planning activities, and can be used for assessing program outcomes. However, outcome measures are the best tool for assessing the effectiveness of transportation programs and funding decisions in meeting the broad goals frequently found in transportation plans. Examples are provided of how both transportation and nontransportation organizations are using outcome measures to directly address the six trends. Strategies used by the public and private sector to transition to outcome measurement are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Government Programs & Policies to Eradicate Gender Disparities in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (III) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Minahil Nawaz ◽  
Atif Bilal Aslam ◽  
Fariha Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Like many other developing nations, Pakistan is also facing a gender gap in its socio-cultural spheres. Since independence, many programs and policies have been made in public and private sector domains to eradicate these gender disparities. This paper aims to evaluate these programs and policies by encountering their salient features and how far these programs and policies proved to be fruitful in bridging this gap. The evaluation is done majorly through a desk review of the secondary data drawn from reports published by different government and local organizations. Mainly, the qualitative methods of content and thematic analyses were employed for exploring the gender-based disparities, and how these are affecting the pace of development in Pakistan. Moreover, an assessment of strategies and policies addressing the problem of the gender gap has also been done. Based on the study findings, this paper presents some policy recommendations to reduce gender base disparities which is one of the many prerequisites for the promotion of sustainable development agenda as gender equality is the 5th goal of the United Nations sustainable development agenda.

Closing the Gaps in Public Private Partnerships in Emergency Management

2015 ◽  
pp. 64-97
Author(s):  
Marvine Hamner
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Closing The Gaps ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Goals And Objectives

There are many differences between entities in the public and private sectors engaged in emergency management: vision, mission, goals, and objectives are only a few. To develop workable public private partnerships requires an understanding of these differences. This understanding will then provide a foundation for establishing unambiguous agreements within which each sector's roles and responsibilities are clear, and within which all entities can be successful. This chapter explores the differences between public and private sector entities, which can create gaps in understanding and communication, comparing and contrasting these differences; then, it evaluates ways the resulting gaps between entities and within public private partnerships can be closed. Comparison of the respective backgrounds and perspectives provides the material necessary to complete a gap analysis. Anecdotal information is provided that illustrates how the differences between public and private sector entities support, hinder, or manifest in public private partnerships.

Mainstreaming Intermodal Freight into the Metropolitan Transportation Planning Process

1998 ◽  
Vol 1613 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Zavattero ◽  
F. Gerald Rawling ◽  
Daniel F. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
System Level ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Intermodal Freight ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The Chicago Area Transportation Study (CATS), as a metropolitan planning organization, developed an approach to integrate intermodal freight transportation into regional plans and programs. This process began with the establishment of the Intermodal Advisory Task Force (IATF) in 1994 and led to a series of freight-oriented activities and products, including the identification of regionally significant facilities, analysis of improvement needs, and the intermodal component of the 2020 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) for northeastern Illinois. Task Force membership includes public- and private-sector representatives working cooperatively to develop and direct a work plan to address goods movement and inter-modal freight issues and needs. The intermodal planning process involved significant preparatory work. The IATF established four working groups that directed specific tasks, including development of a geographic information system–based intermodal facilities inventory, an outreach for industry needs, a review of proposed intermodal improvements, identification and analysis of intermodal connections to the national highway system, and analysis to estimate the economic value of the industry to the region. Ultimately, six policy statements were developed and incorporated as system-level intermodal recommendations in the RTP. The process developed by CATS through the IATF has “mainstreamed” intermodal freight issues, analysis, and policies into the transportation plans and programs of northeastern Illinois. Although the scale of the intermodal and freight industry in Chicago is enormous, the lessons learned and the technical and institutional approaches developed through the IATF offer valuable insight and direction to other regions seeking to support their intermodal freight industry through the transportation planning process.

Toward Developing Outcome Measures in University-Based Aphasia Programs: Perspectives From the Aphasia Communication Enhancement Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Suma R. Devanga ◽  
Robin D. Pollens ◽  
Sandra O. Glista
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Communicative Participation

Purpose University-based aphasia programs are a vital part of the continuum of care for aphasia. However, research on program outcomes is limited, with inconsistencies in the use of outcome measures. We present a pilot retrospective study of the Aphasia Communication Enhancement (ACE) program at Western Michigan University. This study aimed to examine the types of outcome measures employed in the ACE program that target the core outcome set (COS) and to analyze their outcomes for participants with aphasia and their care partners. Method The ACE participants with aphasia were identified by the process of chart review. The selected case files were examined for the type of outcome measures used and analyzed for quantitative outcomes on formal assessments. We also presented examples of communicative participation goals and outcomes by conducting a qualitative analysis of the therapy reports. Additionally, transcripts from a prior focus group discussion involving ACE care partners were used to examine their perceptions of ACE by conducting a thematic analysis. Results A systematic chart review of 44 case files led to the selection of three ACE participants for analysis. Their chart review revealed the use of a variety of outcome measures for language, quality of life, and emotional well-being, with documented improvements in language in the three participants. Specific examples describe how the individualized communicative participation goals were strategically targeted and how the corresponding outcomes were documented. The thematic analysis of care partner perceptions revealed five themes, as follows: ACE serves a needed purpose , enjoyment for clients , benefits of ACE for clients , benefits of ACE for care partners , and recommendations for ACE . Conclusions Challenges and strategies for implementing COS outcome measurement and documentation protocols in university-based aphasia programs are discussed. The outcome measurement protocol can support the systematic measurement of meaningful outcomes for participants with aphasia and facilitate the acquisition of competencies for student clinicians in this consensus-based model.

scholarly journals BUILDING RESOURCE NETWORKS IN SERVICE OF OLDER PEOPLE THROUGH STATE ARTS AGENCIES' COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S30-S30
Author(s):  
Beth Bienvenu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Endowment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
State Arts Agencies

Abstract National, state, and local arts networks help build the capacity of public and private sector organizations to serve older adults through quality arts engagement opportunities. The National Endowment for the Arts has worked closely with state arts agencies to build networks through a community of practice to facilitate partnerships with artists, arts organizations, aging services, and the healthcare system. With more than 40 states participating, the initiative has resulted in new state partnerships, new state grant initiatives, and new arts learning programs for older adults. Arts service organizations also have a role to play in this work. For example, the American Alliance of Museums is building a network of museums that will develop and implement high-quality, intensive arts learning opportunities for older adults across the United States. This presentation will address how these networks are helping build capacity across the country to improve the health and well-being of older adults

scholarly journals Wage Differentials Between The Public And The Private Sector: How Comparable Are The Workers?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Ramoni-Perazzi ◽  
Don Bellante
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Normal Text ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public And Private Sector

<p class="Normal1" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This paper&rsquo;s purpose is to examine the importance of controlling for the comparability of the units in a sample when examining wage differentials of various types. We use U.S. CPS data for the period 1992-2000 to compare estimated wage differentials between public and private sector workers obtained using two different methodologies: Lee&rsquo;s two-step method that controls for the selection bias resulting from the non-randomness of the sample, and the propensity score matching method that controls also for the comparability of the workers. Lee&rsquo;s method suggests that federal workers are paid a premium, while state and local workers are underpaid compared to private sector workers. However the matching method indicates that this data is too heterogeneous to be used to compare wages across sectors. We conclude that, when the outcome under study is not only affected by some sort of selection but also requires comparable groups, the traditional methodology may not be enough. </span></p>

An Introduction to Teacher Retirement Benefits

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teacher Shortages ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Teacher Retirement ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Like most other state and local government employees, teachers participate primarily in defined benefit pension plans whose benefits are largely based on final average salaries and length of service. Such pensions have been replaced in many private sector firms by defined contribution pensions. A number of questions have arisen about the feasibility and desirability of continuing to rely on defined benefit pensions for teachers. This article provides a brief history of teacher pensions and an overview of teacher retirement benefits today, including differences in the legal and economic context for public and private sector pensions that are important considerations in plan design. It then introduces issues related to financial sustainability, teacher mobility, and teacher shortages. The article concludes with an overview of key differences between traditional defined benefit and defined contribution plans and raises the possibility of adopting a “hybrid” kind of plan that includes features from both kinds of traditional plans.

Public–Private Pay Comparisons

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lee ◽  
Andrew M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
State Level ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Public Sector Workers

As state and local governments attempt to manage fiscal stress created by the Great Recession, the level of compensation received by public sector workers has become an increasingly debated policy issue. A significant amount of research exists that addresses national public sector compensation trends, but relatively few state-level studies have been performed. This analysis provides a preliminary analysis of public and private sector compensation in Florida. Using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Census Bureau, sector-level comparisons are made between public and private sector workers within the state with regard to compensation, age and education. This sector-level comparison is then supplemented by an occupational analysis of career fields found in both sectors. The sector-level analysis suggests public sector workers in Florida are, on average, not only better compensated than those in the private sector in aggregate but are also considerably more educated and older. The occupational analysis suggests that public sector workers in Florida are in general less well-compensated than private sector workers employed in the same field, even when older and more highly educated on average.

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