Effectiveness of Automated Speed-Monitoring Cameras in Kuwait

1997 ◽  
Vol 1595 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Ali ◽  
O. Al-Saleh ◽  
P. A. Koushki
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Difference

In 1994 the General Traffic Department installed automatic radar cameras to monitor traffic speed at a number of strategic roadway locations in Kuwait. The aim was to lower the number of high-speed violations and thus reduce road accidents. Recent traffic safety records point to an increase in both the number of violations and the occurrence of road accidents. It is argued in this paper that without live enforcement support and active follow-up of camera-recorded violations, the effectiveness of these cameras in improving road safety is insignificant at best, particularly in the undisciplined driving environment of the oil-rich nations in the Middle East. The speed of traffic was simultaneously measured via radar instruments both at the automatic camera site and at sections approximately 1 km before or after or before and after the cameras at eight camera locations. Measurements were recorded for six 1/2-hr periods at each site for a total of 72 hr over a period of 3 months, so that morning, afternoon, and after-dark hours, as well as different days of the week and roadway types, were covered. Analysis of the speed data showed that for the three daily periods and various roadway types, traffic speeds were consistently higher in sections before or after or before and after the automatic camera at the camera site. Statistical tests indicated that the difference in speed measured at and away from the cameras was at the 99 percent level. The findings demonstrate that in a traffic environment characterized by poor driving behavior, inconsistent and piecemeal driver education programs, and insufficient presence of law enforcement officials, reliance on automatic cameras alone to reduce traffic violations is doomed to fail.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Automated Enforcement Program in Amman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Naghawi ◽  
Bushra Al Qatawneh ◽  
Rabab Al Louzi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Red Light Cameras ◽  
Percent Confidence Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations

This study aims, in a first attempt, to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Automated Enforcement Program (AEP) to improve traffic safety in Amman, Jordan. The evaluation of the program on crashes and violations was examined based on a “before-and-after” study using the paired t-test at 95 percent confidence level. Twenty one locations including signalized intersections monitored by red light cameras and arterial roads monitored by excessive speed cameras were selected. Nine locations were used to study the effectiveness of the program on violations, and twelve locations were used to determine the effectiveness of the program on frequency and severity of crashes. Data on number and severity of crashes were taken from Jordan Traffic Institution. Among the general findings, it was found that the AEP was generally associated with positive impact on crashes. Crash frequency was significantly reduced by up to 63%. Crash severities were reduced by up to 62.5%. Also, traffic violations were significantly reduced by up to 66%.  Finally, drivers’ opinion and attitude on the program was also analyzed using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey revealed that 35.5% of drivers are unaware of AEP in Amman, 63.9% of drivers don’t know the camera locations, most drivers knew about excessive speed and red light running penalties, most drivers reduce their speed at camera locations, 44.4% of drivers think that the program satisfies its objective in improving traffic safety and 52% of drivers encourage increasing the number of camera devices in Amman.

Effective Reflection Suppression Method for Vehicle Detection in Complex Nighttime Traffic Scenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40402-1-40402-9
Author(s):  
Wen-Kai Tsai ◽  
Hung-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Complex Scenes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Headlight is the most explicit and stable image feature in nighttime scenes. This study proposes a headlight detection and pairing algorithm that adapts to numerous scenes to achieve accurate vehicle detection in the nighttime. This algorithm improved the conventional histogram equalization by using the difference before and after the equalization to suppress the ground reflection and noise. Then, headlight detection was completed based on this difference as a feature. In addition, the authors combined coordinate information, moving distance, symmetry, and stable time to implement headlight pairing, thus enabling vehicle detection in the nighttime. This study effectively overcame complex scenes such as high-speed movement, multi-headlight, and rains. Finally, the algorithm was verified by videos of highway scenes; the detection rate was as high as 96.67%. It can be implemented on the Raspberry Pi embedded platform, and its execution speed can reach 25 frames per second.

Evaluation of a Method for Removal and Determination of Thrombogenic Microparticles.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3626-3626
Author(s):  
Helga Vetr ◽  
Markus Graf ◽  
Sabine Geiter ◽  
Manfred Oberreither ◽  
Bernd R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Microparticles ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Plasma Peak ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Plasma

Abstract It is now generally accepted that circulating cell-derived microparticles play a major role in thrombotic diseases. Currently available methods to analyse microparticles are not easy to standardize, need specialized technical equipment or detect only subpopulations of microparticles. In this study a new method for quantification of circulating thrombogenic microparticles (MP) is evaluated (Technothrombin® MP Microparticle and Ceveron ® MFU-500). The principle of this method is based on the differences in thrombin generation between platelet poor plasma (PPP) and microparticle free plasma (MPFP) obtained by a standardized filtration meethod. This difference in thrombin generation between PPP and MPFP plasma reflects the amount of microparticles contained in PPP and removed by filtration. To evaluate this method, PPP from normal blood donors was prepared by centrifugation for 15 min at 2,500xg. MPFP was generated by filtration (Ceveron® MFU-500; 0.2 μm). For comparison MPFP was also prepared by high speed centrifugation (15,000xg for 30 min). All samples were analysed for thrombin generation using the Technothrombin®TGA method. For calibration purposes, dilutions of purified MP from red blood cells were prepared in MPFP plasma and thrombin generation was measured before and after filtration of each dilution. Recovery of MP from the filter membrane was performed by rinsing the membrane with an equal volume of standard MP free plasma. In addition, filtered and non-filtered samples were analyzed in standard coagulation assays (PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen, FVIII activity, Lupus). Peak thrombin values from centrifuged (57nM±8) or filtered samples (79nM±11) were not significantly different from each other (p=0.14) but were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those from PPP (171nM±21) indicating that MP have a significant effect on thrombin generation. These data further indicate that centrifugation and filtration are equally effective in removing microparticles, a fact that was supported by data from FACS analysis of microparticles which reveal that on average, 86%±10 of MPs could be removed by the described filtration procedure. The analysis of purified MP diluted in MP free plasma showed that the difference in peak thrombin before and after filtration correlated to the number of microparticles and thus a calibration curve could be established. By rinsing the filters using standard MP free plasma, peak thrombin values of the starting sample could be recovered, further indicating that microparticles are responsible to a large extent for thrombin generating capacity in PPP. With respect to the effect of filtration of MP on standard clotting assays, significant differences between PPP and MPFP were found for aPTT tests only in one of three reagents tested (PPP 36.0 sec±3.5, MPFP 38.2sec ±3.4, p<0.05). The Lupus LCA Index for MPFP (34.8±6) was significantly lower than in PPP (47,4±7; p<0.05). For the other coagulation parameters tested (Fibrinogen, PT and FVIII activity) no significant differences were found between PPP and MPFP. Taken together, all these results show that circulating microparticles are a major determinant for thrombin generation and that thrombogenic microparticles can easily and quantitatively be analyzed from the difference in thrombin generation between PPP and MPFP obtained by filtration through Ceveron® MFU-500. Moreover, it is shown that microparticles have a significant effect not only on thrombin generation but also on some standard clotting assays.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SARI KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN IBU NIFAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Desideria Yosepha Ginting ◽  
Layari Tarigan ◽  
Dwi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Postpartum anemia is caused due to insufficient iron supplementation and excessive bleeding during or after delivery. The initial survey found that there were 5 mothers who had anemia. This study aims to determine the effect of mung bean juice on hemoglobin levels in postpartum mothers, by using quantitative research. The population in this study were all 12 postpartum mothers in the first week. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Data collection was done by using observation. The average Hb level before being given green bean juice was 12.74 gr / dL and after that was 12.75 gr / dL. The difference in mean Hb levels before and after giving green bean juice was 0.008 gr / dL. The results of statistical tests using paired sample t-test (CI: 95%) obtained ρ value of 0.972, so it can be concluded that there is no effect of mung bean juice on hemoglobin levels of postpartum mothers. For postpartum mothers to be more proactive in seeking information about anemia, as well as finding out the benefits of green bean juice.

scholarly journals The Difference of Enterprises Taxpayers Compliance after Tax Amnesty

JEJAK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Dona Fitria ◽  
Agus Abdillah ◽  
Hendro Prasetyono ◽  
Ismail Dwi Cahyo ◽  
Burhanudin Burhanudin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the compliance of enterprises taxpayers before and after the tax amnesty was applied in KPP Pratama South Jakarta. The research location was at KPP Pratama Jakarta Cilandak, KPP Pratama Jakarta Pancoran, KPP Pratama Jakarta Mampang, and KPP Pratama Jakarta Pasar Minggu. Data collection with documentation techniques, namely secondary data collection. Taxpayer’s compliance data for 2015, which is SPT as of March 2016, is assumed to be data before tax amnesty. While the 2016 taxpayer’s compliance data which is SPT as of March 2017 is assumed to be the data of the tax amnesty validity period. The data analysis technique in this study uses the SPT taxpayer compliance ratio 2016 - 2017. Statistical tests using Paried Sample t-Test. The results of the study showed that the amount of enterprises taxpayer compliance submitting timely Annual Tax Returns increased by 10.60% from 13.40% to 24.00%. Furthermore, the taxpayer’s compliance ratio that did not submit the Annual Tax Return decreased by 3.90%, namely in 2016 amounted to 76.92% to 73.02% in 2017. The Paired Sample t-Test has different Enterprises Taxpayer’s compliance before and after the enactment of tax amnesty.

scholarly journals A Multi-Dimensional Test of Social Effects of the Opening of High-Speed Rail in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Li ◽  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Zhenghao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimization And Upgrading ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Based on previous studies, this paper innovatively summarizes the multi-dimensional social effects generated by the opening of high-speed rail, and interprets the social effects of high-speed rail from four aspects: accelerating population mobility and employment, improving land value in radiation areas, promoting regional balanced development, and optimizing industrial structure. And taking the panel data of 292 cities in China from 2007 to 2016 as samples, we constructed difference-in-difference model. Then by calculating the difference between the treatment group (cities with high-speed rail opening) and the control group (cities without high-speed rail opening) before and after the event, the net effect of the event was obtained. The study finds that: the opening of high-speed rail can accelerate population inflow and promote employment; increase the value of land in the radiation regions and increase the price of commercial housing; narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas along the route and promote balanced development among different regions; promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure of cities along the route.

scholarly journals DAMPAK UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NO.11 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK TERHADAP KONDISI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Magna Mayputra Sumadi ◽  
Luh Putu Wiagustini
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Market Reaction ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Average Abnormal Return ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to analyze the difference of the mean significance of abnormal return before and after the event and to test the market reaction due to the tax amnesty event. This research uses a sample of 34 stocks of LQ45 in Indonesia Stock Exchange by using purposive sampling sampling method. This research is done by method of event study study with Market Adjusted Model. The period of the event examined for each event is 15 trading days, ie seven days before the event, one day at the time of the event and seven days after the event. The statistical tests were performed to compare average abnormal returns before and after events and to see market reactions around the event. The result of the research shows that there is no difference of average abnormal return before and after the event of tax amnesty policy, the end of the tax amnesty period I, the end of the tax amnesty period II and the end of the tax amnesty period III. There is no market reaction around the event of the tax amnesty policy, but there is market reaction in the event of the end of the tax amnesty period I, the event of the end of the second amnesty tax period and the end of the tax amnesty period III. The end of the tax amnesty period I, II and III contain information.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Mouthrinses on Epithelial Cells by Micronucleus Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 080-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Olgun Erdemir ◽  
Abdulkadir Şengün ◽  
Mustafa Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the cytotoxicity of three commercial mouthrinses Klorhex, Andorex and Tanflex on buccal epithelial cells using micronucleus (MN) test.Materials and Methods: 28 patients with aged 16-24 undergone three mouthrinses’ application were analyzed before and after one week exposure. Physiologic saline was used for the control group. The MN incidence was scored in the buccal epithelial of each participants. The difference in pre- and posttreatment after one week incidence of MN and plaque (PI) and gingival indices (GI) was compared by non-parametric statistical tests.Results: The micronuclei incidence increased in Klorhex, Tanflex and Andorex groups after exposure to mouth rinses (P<.05). But when compared with the control group, there was not any difference between Andorex and control group (P>.05). In the other study groups, MN incidence was significantly increased after 7 days treatment (P<.05). GI scores of all groups were decreased significantly (P<.05). PI scores were decreased only in the Klorhex group (P<.05).Conclusions: Our primary findings support the presence of possible cytotoxic effects of the mouthrinses on gingival epithelial cells. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:80-85)

EFFICACY OF DISINFECTION ON VARIOUS SURFACES

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Rajiva Rajiva ◽  
Rajesh Sahu ◽  
Vidhu Dangwal ◽  
PMP Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Difference

Introduction:Various workers have demonstrated that environmental surfaces near patients in health care settings are full of contamination. However, despite extensive search on the internet studies on efcacy of disinfection on various surfaces were conspicuous by their scarcity. Methodology:Randomly selected sites measuring one sq inch in size were marked on various surfaces in a presumably Non Covid19 health care facility. A total of twenty four samples were taken as against the minimum required of twenty. The surfaces were subsequently disinfected using 70% alcohol based disinfecting wipes which were procured locally. All samples were suitably labelled to avoid any mixing of samples. The samples were plated on blood agar media and Mc Conkey's media and incubated at 370C for 3 days. The mean levels of contamination on various surfaces before and after disinfection were analysed and compared for log10 reduction using appropriate statistical tests. Results:The difference in mean level of contamination across the various surfaces before disinfection was statistically very highly signicant at 5% level of signicance. (F = 6980453.16, p = 0.00). The difference in mean level of contamination across the various surfaces after disinfection was statistically not signicant at 5% level of signicance. (F = 3.14, p = 0.08). This study demonstrates that 70% alcohol based disinfecting wipes which are easily available locally are equally effective in reducing microbiological contamination on various surfaces.Conclusions:In our study, the workers have conrmed that use of 70% alcohol based disinfecting wipes which are commercially available can signicantly reduce the microbiological plate count from various commonly touched surfaces in a health care setting.

scholarly journals The importance of information and communication technologies for increased road safety from the city of Valjevo police perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Biljana Tešić ◽  
Dragan Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Open Road

Although traffic is a precondition for the overall social development, it is at the same time a global problem, worldwide and as such it is associated with numerous negative effects from various segments, in addition to the suffering of traffic participants. In order to improve traffic safety on the roads, the police around the world, including Serbia, are constantly trying to apply all the more advanced technologies, which have a wide application in terms of improving safety in general.In this paper, we presented the development of the application of certain technical means within the Ministry of the Interior of Serbia of importance for traffic safety in Serbia, pointed out the importance of a unified information system and automatic number plate recognition. The state of traffic safety on the roads in Serbia and in Valjevo in the period 2014-2018 is given. The aim of the author was to determine how the introduction of specific measure - the use of camera - reflects on the work of the police, whether the number of registered violations is on the increase, or how it reflects on the work of the Misdemeanour Court in Valjevo in terms of increasing the number of convictions and specific sanctions. On the example of the city of Valjevo, through official data over a period of 10 years, we presented the importance of information and communication technologies in detecting two very common traffic violations in the city and sanctioning those violations by the competent Misdemeanour Court. The difference in terms of the number of detected and then sanctioned violations in the period before the start of the use of information and communication technologies in the period 2010-2014 and afterwards, 2015-2019, speaks more than clearly about the importance of wider use of these tools, both in cities but also outside the settlements, on the open road. All this is in the function of increasing traffic safety on the roads in Valjevo and safety in general, because the cameras are becoming increasingly important as they are used to detect the perpetrators of and prove various crimes.

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