Location Translation Within a Geographic Information System

1997 ◽  
Vol 1593 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wende A. O’Neill ◽  
Elizabeth Harper
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Spatial Referencing ◽  
Translation Systems

Location translation allows the use of multiple spatial referencing methods within a geographic information system (GIS). Most GIS users are familiar with planar or spherical coordinates expressed as (x, y) pairs of numbers whose values reflect the map projection used. Coordinates are characterized as unique physical locations on the earth’s surface. Transportation professionals have added many methods of referencing data that occur along lines. Linear referencing systems generally reflect a measure of distance from a known point. Common linear referencing methods are route–milepoint and route–reference post–offset. Street (postal) address systems also fall into the category of linear references. Linear referencing methods do not uniquely define locations on the earth’s surface without additional information about the location of the line (or road) on the earth’s surface. Although many of the off-the-shelf GIS systems allow conversion among a wide variety of planar or spherical referencing systems, few accommodate linear referencing systems, and none are capable of translating among linear referencing systems or between planar or spherical and linear systems. Some of the issues that arise in the development of location translation systems are discussed. A description of the data model and database requirements of the system designed for the Utah Department of Transportation is included. This location translation system was developed to facilitate crash reporting in urban areas, although there are numerous applications within transportation agencies.

scholarly journals Bioretention As A Control To Urban Drainage System With An Ecohydrological Base: GIS As A Tool On Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altair Rosa ◽  
Mario Procopiuck ◽  
Marina Batalini de Macedo ◽  
César Ambrogi Ferreira do Lago ◽  
David Sample ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Use Of Resources

Abstract The occupation and use of increasingly impermeable urban land have made it difficult to infiltrate water and, consequently, increase the volume of runoff in different cities, which has required the development of bioretention techniques in the field of hydrology. The aim of this article is to define and apply criteria for the identification of areas for the construction of Bioretention systems for evaluations based on Geographic Information System indicators, considering the aspects of quantity and quality in urban drainage . The developed method allows to verify and compare changes in the surface of urban areas and their interference in the local environment , the mapping of land use and occupation to simplify procedures to define and prioritize areas for the construction of Bioretention systems, the use of resources from georeferenced bases to resolve eco-hydrological issues. The study develops technical bases for the use of a georeferencing tool to analyze areas with speed and consistency as a basis for decisions on the implementation of Bioretention systems

scholarly journals Urban Air Quality Assessment Using Integrated Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Geographic Information System Modeling in a Highly Congested Area, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oday Zakariya Jasim ◽  
Noor Hashim Hamed ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Abid
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Congested Area ◽  
Air Quality Assessment

Pollutant emissions are considered to be a major threat to air quality and human health in urban areas. Therefore, accurate modeling and assessment tools are required. In this study, a model was done by the integration of machine learning algorithms and a geographic information system model. This model included the optimization of the support vector regression model by using the principal component analysis algorithm. Then, the integration of the regression model with spatial analysis modeling via a grid (100 x 100 m) was done in order to generate prediction maps during holidays and workdays in the daytime and at nighttime in a highly congested area in Baghdad city, Iraq. The data used in this study categorized into two categories. The first category is the data acquired through field surveying that includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and traffic flow data (e.g., the number of light and heavy vehicles), as well as carbon monoxide samples by using mobile equipment. The second category is the information derived from geographic information system data, such as land use, road network, and building height. The accuracy of the proposed model is 81%, and the lowest value of root mean square error was 0.067 ppm. The integration between air pollution models and geographic information system techniques could be a promising tool for urban air quality assessment and urban planning. These tools effectively utilized by stakeholders and decision-makers to outline proper plans and strategies to mitigate air pollutants in urban areas.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study and Spatial Modeling of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bushehr Province Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) from 2011 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Mohamad Hasan Lotfi ◽  
Hossein Falahzadeh ◽  
Katayon Vahdat ◽  
Zahra Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: It is generally accepted that cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem all over the world which is caused by leishmaniasis protozoan. This disease is also known as a health problem in some regions of Iran including Bushehr province. The present study investigated the geographical dispersion and the epidemiological characteristics of subjects with the cutaneous leishmaniasis in this province from 2011 to 2015. Method: In this cross-sectional and analytical study, the epidemiologic data including the age, gender, residential area, and counties with this disease was analyzed and collected from 663 patients who were followed up and treated from 2011 to 2015. Results: 422 (63.7%) of studied people were residents of urban areas and 241 (36.3%) lived in rural areas. 59.4% (394 people) were male and 40.6% (269) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 21.91± 17.01 (ranging from 1 to 80). Kangan County with an average 5-year incidence of 17.72 per a hundred thousand people had the highest incidence, but Tangestan County with the incidence of 8.47 per a hundred thousand people had the lowest average incidence. Based on GIS results, Jam County, which was not recognized as the focus of this disease in the past, has been considered as a new focus of disease in recent years. Conclusion: The geographic information system (GIS) is regarded as an effective tool for the organization of diseases and health data. The crisis can be identified and controlled by taking proper measures with the discovery of spatial accumulation of diseases.

scholarly journals Geographic information system methods tell spatiotemporal transmission and its drivers of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China at street-level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wongming Wang ◽  
Shuiqiong Hua ◽  
Cong Xie ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Local Aggregation ◽  
Global And Local

Abstract Background: No study has revealed spatial transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. We aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and its influence factors.Methods: Information of 32,682 COVID-19 cases reported through March 18 were extracted from the national infectious disease surveillance system. Geographic information system methods were applied to analysis transmission of COVID-19 and its influence factors in different periods.Results: We found decrease in effective reproduction number (Rt) and COVID-19 related indicators through taking a series of effective public health measures including restricting traffic, centralized quarantine and strict stay-at home policy. The distribution of COVID-19 cases number in Wuhan showed an obvious global aggregation and a local aggregation in central urban areas, but such aggregations was decreased in the later period of the epidemic. In addition, the analysis at streets-level suggested population density and the number of hospitals were influence factors of spatial difference.Conclusions: The epidemic situation showed obvious global and local spatial aggregations. High population density and directional flow of the Population to hospitals may account for the aggregations. Strong quarantine measures and restrictions on movement of residents in Wuhan make the epidemic under control in a short time.

scholarly journals Distribution analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) in Medan city with Geographic Information System (GIS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06013
Author(s):  
Isra Suryati ◽  
Hafizhul Khair ◽  
Deni Gusrianti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Air Pollution Control

The development of industry and the increase of transportation mode are directly proportional to the decrease in air quality. Some important pollutants have a negative impact on human health and the environment such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Distribution of NO2 and O3 concentrations from various sources of emissions in urban areas will provide basic information in the determination of policies, programs and regulations related to air pollution control. This study aims to map and analyze the concentration distribution of NO2 and O3 pollutants in Medan City. This research was conducted by a manual sampling of NO2 and O3 at 12 (twelve) points in Medan City. The sampling of NO2 and O3 concentrations is using impinger and then analyzed in a laboratory. The results showed that NO2 pollutant concentration in Medan City ranged from 21.33-306.19 |ig/m3. Meanwhile, for O3 concentrations ranged from 19.7-205.8 |ig/m3. Mapping of NO2 and O3 concentration using Geographic Information System obtained area that has the highest concentration of both NO2 and O3 is in Sub District of Medan Belawan. Furthermore, efforts to control air pollution can be done by applying clean technology to industry and encouraging the use of mass transportation.

scholarly journals Bioretention As A Control To Urban Drainage System With An Ecohydrological Base: GIS As A Tool On Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altair Rosa ◽  
Mario Procopiuck ◽  
Marina Batalini de Macedo ◽  
César Ambrogi Ferreira do Lago ◽  
David Sample ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Use Of Resources

Abstract The occupation and use of increasingly impermeable urban land have made it difficult to infiltrate water and, consequently, increase the volume of runoff in different cities, which has required the development of bioretention techniques in the field of hydrology. The aim of this article is to define and apply criteria for the identification of areas for the construction of Bioretention systems for evaluations based on Geographic Information System indicators, considering the aspects of quantity and quality in urban drainage . The developed method allows to verify and compare changes in the surface of urban areas and their interference in the local environment , the mapping of land use and occupation to simplify procedures to define and prioritize areas for the construction of Bioretention systems, the use of resources from georeferenced bases to resolve eco-hydrological issues. The study develops technical bases for the use of a georeferencing tool to analyze areas with speed and consistency as a basis for decisions on the implementation of Bioretention systems

scholarly journals Proposição de Modelo de Corredores Ecológicos com Base no Sistema de Informações Geográficas na Região de Suape, Pernambuco, Brasil (Propose a Model for Ecological Corridors Based on Geographic Information System in the Region of Suape, Pernambuco,...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 079
Author(s):  
Ricardo Padilha ◽  
Jose Luiz Portugal ◽  
Adriano Vicente dos Santos ◽  
Sônia Valeria Pereira ◽  
Tiago Vinícius Batista do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Industrial Projects

A expansão de áreas agrícolas e urbanas, a implementação de projetos industriais, entre outras atividades antrópicas, promovem a alteração da paisagem original, criando outra, dominada por vários remanescentes da vegetação nativa. Estes remanescentes, denominados também de fragmentos florestais, são fundamentais para manutenção da biodiversidade existente no local. Porém uma paisagem fragmentada torna os remanescentes florestais isolados vulneráveis, nesse sentido, torna-se importante a concepção de conexões para interligar os fragmentos, diminuindo a pressão sobre sua diversidade e aumentando o fluxo de espécies, o fluxo gênico e a quantidade e qualidade dos hábitats existentes. Uma das formas de interconexão possíveis é a criação de corredores ecológicos, interligando os fragmentos, portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo indicar áreas para o estabelecimento de corredores ecológicos, por meio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), segundo critérios relacionados ao uso e ocupação do solo na Zona de Preservação Ecológica do Complexo Industrial Portuário Eraldo Gueiros - Suape (CIPS). Para tanto, foram utilizados atributos ambientais (variáveis), aos quais foram atribuídos pesos matemáticos e analisados por meio de geoprocessamento. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo denotam a importância do uso do SIG como uma importante ferramenta para análise de áreas em grande escala, as áreas recomendadas para a implementação de corredores por meio da análise de geoprocessamento foram compatíveis com análises realizadas na paisagem, sendo que os pesos dados as variáveis foram eficientes em agrupar os atributos biológicos, físicos e antrópicos, resultando em conexões possíveis de serem realizadas em campo.    A B S T R A C T The expansion of agricultural and urban areas, the implementation of industrial projects, among other human activities promote the alteration of the original landscape and creates another dominated by several remnants of native vegetation. These remnants, also called forest fragments are essential to maintain local biodiversity. But the isolated forest remnants in a fragmented landscape become vulnerable. Thus the design of connections for linking the fragments becomes important to reduce the pressure on its diversity and increase the flow of species, gene flow and the quantity and quality of existing habitats. One way of interconnection possible is the creation of ecological corridors, linking the fragments. Therefore this study aims to indicate areas to the establishment of ecological corridors through a Geographic Information System (GIS), following criteria related to the use and occupation of soil of Ecological Preservation Zone in Complexo Industrial Portuário Eraldo Gueiros - Suape (CIPS). To this end, we used environmental attributes (variables) that have been assigned mathematical weights and analyzed using geoprocessing. The result in this study show the importance of using GIS as an important tool for analyzing large-scale areas. The areas recommended for implementation of corridors through the analysis of GIS were consistent with analysis undertaken in the landscape with the weights data variables were efficient to group biological, physical and antropic attributes, resulting in connections that can be developed in the field. Keywords: Ecological corridor, Atlantic fores, Interconection of fragment, Protection of ecosystems.  

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