Seasonal Factors Using Vehicle Classification Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 1593 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikiforos Stamatiadis ◽  
David L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

The increased use of equipment having automatic vehicle classification capabilities and weigh-in-motion devices produces a large amount of new data that can provide some insights into understanding traffic patterns more efficiently. These data can be used in determining seasonal adjustment factors for correcting traffic counts, in estimating truck traffic for highway cost allocation studies, and in predicting traffic volumes for roadways. However, due to practical limitations, it is not possible to obtain continuous data collection for all roads; thus, short-term counts are usually performed. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship of the data obtained in a short-term period to those for the entire year. A study is currently under way that determines these relationships and develops seasonal adjustment factors for the state of Kentucky. The first step of the study was a survey of current uses of vehicle classification data and methods used for data collection throughout the United States. The results indicated that most states use no seasonal adjustment factors nor are they planning to develop any factors in the near future. At the same time, analysis of 2 years of vehicle classification data was used to develop seasonal and daily factors for Kentucky. Currently, the validation of these factors is under way. The preliminary analysis indicated that seasonal adjustment factors are essential in developing accurate estimates of traffic volumes for each vehicle type, and their use can improve the estimation of daily volumes.

Length-Based Vehicle Classification Schemes and Length Bin Boundaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2339 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Weinblatt ◽  
Erik Minge ◽  
Scott Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Weigh In Motion

Vehicle classification data are an important component of traffic-monitoring programs. Although most vehicle classification conducted in the United States is axle based, some applications could be supplemented or replaced by length-based data. The typically higher deployment cost and reliability issues associated with collecting axle-based data as compared with length-based data present a challenge. This paper reports on analyses of alternative length-based vehicle classification schemes and appropriate length bin boundaries. The primary analyses use data from a set of 13 Long-Term Pavement Performance weigh-in-motion sites, all in rural areas; additional analyses are conducted with data from 11 Michigan Department of Transportation weigh-in-motion sites located in rural and small urban areas and one site located in an urbanized area. For most states, the recommended length-based vehicle classification scheme is a four-bin scheme (motorcycles, short, medium, and long) with an optional very long bin recommended for use by states in which significant numbers of longer combination vehicles operate.

Evaluation of weigh-in-motion in Manitoba

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zhi ◽  
Ahmed Shalaby ◽  
Dan Middleton ◽  
Alan Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
American Society

The primary objective of a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system is to provide highway designers and agencies with information on the loads and traffic volumes using a particular highway, thereby facilitating improved pavement design, management, and weight enforcement. In this paper, the historic performance of WIM systems in Manitoba is evaluated. The results indicate that large numbers of unreasonable data are produced from the WIM systems, calibration procedures are not standardized, and there is drift in calibration. The performance of the Brokenhead WIM system was evaluated through a detailed survey conducted at the Brokenhead WIM site and the Westhawk Permanent Truck Weigh Station in August 1997. The Brokenhead site is on the Trans-Canada highway east of Winnipeg. It is the only WIM system in the country that measures truck characteristics and movements between eastern and western Canada. The survey produced a large database permitting the comparison of truck dimension measurements, truck weights, and vehicle classification between those produced by the WIM system and those observed manually. The results indicate that WIM axle-spacing data sets were outside the tolerance for 95% conformity specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The system classified 5 to 9 axle combination trucks more accurately than some 2- and 3-axle vehicles. The WIM system underestimated about 90% of truck weights in the survey period. The degree of underestimation exceeded 50% of the corresponding static weights. This finding highlights the importance of quality control and corrections on WIM data prior to their use in research or engineering practice.Key words: weigh-in-motion, vehicle classification, calibration, axle spacing, axle load.

Electronic licence plate technology: automatic vehicle location and identification

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Bergan ◽  
Loyd Henion ◽  
Milan Krukar ◽  
Brani Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Vehicle Identification ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Automatic Vehicle Identification ◽  
Highway Network

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current level of technology in automatic vehicle identification (AVI). The technology is often referred to as electronic licence plate technology, due to the use of unique vehicle identity transponders (electronic licence plates) affixed to particular highway vehicles. Interrogator or roadside receiver units placed at strategic locations or nodes on a highway network can locate and identify the particular vehicle.The main thrust of the paper is on the different types of AVI systems and the technologies employed. The discussion includes the widespread applications for AVI from both a highway administrator and road transport industry point of view. Finally, the paper discusses two AVI demonstration projects. These projects are the urban system implemented in Hong Kong and the highway system in the United States and parts of Canada known as the Heavy Vehicle and Electronic Licence Plate Project (HELP). Key words: automatic vehicle identification, electronic licence plate, road pricing, automatic vehicle classification, weigh-in-motion, commercial transportation, vehicular traffic control, pavement, Heavy Truck and Electronic Licence Plate Project.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Weigh in Motion Menggunakan Metode Estimasi Untuk Mengukur Beban dan Kecepatan Kendaraan Bergerak

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iif Ahmad Syarif ◽  
Abdul Muis Prasetia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Average Error ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Vehicle Loads

Humans as users of transportation modes, of course, want the ability of vehicles that are able to carry as much cargo as possible and on the fastest trip. This condition often results in the vehicle carrying the maximum load even exceeding the carrying capacity. On this basis and to maximize the results of data collection in the form of traffic volumes and vehicle loads, it is necessary to attempt to check the load of vehicles or trucks passing through the road without causing queues and congestion. To that can be done using a dynamic weighbridge which utilize methods of Weigh In Motion (WIM). The WIM system is equipped with the ability to measure vehicle loads when the truck runs at a certain speed through sensors placed below the road surface. The results showed that the WIM prototype can measure the speed and weight of the vehicle running successfully, the measurement results of running vehicle loads have an average error of 14.9%.

Assessment of Data-Collection Techniques for Highway Agencies

2003 ◽  
Vol 1855 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Robichaud ◽  
Martin Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Cost Implications

In the last decade, many agencies within Canada and the United States have initiated programs to assess the effectiveness of their traffic-monitoring programs and the value gained from their traffic-monitoring dollars. A project was initiated by the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation to assess the accuracy of the existing traffic-monitoring system and to compare it to alternatives for estimating traffic volumes on the highway network. The study included a review of findings from similar projects by the New Brunswick Department of Transportation and the Prince Edward Island Department of Transportation and Public Works. The options for traffic data collection considered by all three provincial agencies and the accuracy and cost implications that can be expected from each option are presented. Two methods for expanding short-term traffic counts to estimate average daily traffic volumes are discussed. The reported accuracy estimates allow practitioners to better understand cost and accuracy trade-offs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cold and Snow on Weekday and Weekend Highway Total and Passenger Cars Traffic Volumes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Jae Roh ◽  
Satish Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Datla
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
The Impact

Presented in this paper is an investigation of the impact of cold and snow on daily traffic volumes of total traffic and passenger cars. It is based on a detailed case study of five years of Weigh-In-Motion data recorded continuously at a highway site in Alberta, Canada. Dummy-variable regression models are used to relate daily traffic volumes with snowfall and categorized cold variables. The importance of all the independent variables used in the model are established by conducting tests of statistical significance. The total traffic and passenger car volumes are influenced by both the snowfall and the cold categories. Plots of the partial effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable are generated. It is found that a daily snowfall of 10 cm may cause a 25% reduction in the daily volume of passenger cars, and temperatures below -25°C may reduce the passenger car volumes by 10% or more. It is believed that the developed traffic-weather models of this study can benefit highway agencies in developing more advanced imputation method or identifying weather adjustment factors for accurate estimation of AADT from short duration traffic counts.

scholarly journals Agency vs. stewardship: performance, strategic flexibility and risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Nicos Scordis ◽  
James Barrese
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Flexibility ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Agency Design

With taxpayers subsidizing the survival of publicly traded firms, questions of corporate governance, including the steward versus agency design of the firm, are now public policy issues. We use publicly traded insurance firms in the United States to study the value and risk relationship of agency versus stewardship firms. We find that stewardship and agency firms have different timing-related performance perspectives, have different degrees of strategic flexibility, and manage short term, or operational risk, and longer term risk differently. Our findings are consistent with the predictions of corporate governance theory.

Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Celeste Domsch ◽  
Lori Stiritz ◽  
Jay Huff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Aspirin versus Oral Anticoagulants after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Italy

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Gianetti ◽  
Gianfranco Gensini ◽  
Raffaele De Caterina
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Artery Disease

SummaryAims. The recent publication of two large trials of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease with oral anticoagulants (WARIS and ASPECT) has caused a revival of the interest for this antithrombotic therapy in a clinical setting where the use of aspirin is common medical practice. Despite this, the preferential use of aspirin has been supported by an American cost-effectiveness analysis (JAMA 1995; 273: 965). Methods and Results. Using the same parameters used in that analysis and incidence of events from the Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration and the ASPECT study, we re-evaluated the economic odds in favor of aspirin or oral anticoagulants in the Italian Health System, which differs significantly in cost allocation from the United States system and is, conversely, similar to other European settings. Recalculated costs associated with each therapy were 2,150 ECU/ patient/year for oral anticoagulants and 2,187 ECU/patient/year for aspirin. In our analysis, the higher costs of oral anticoagulants versus aspirin due to a moderate excess of bleeding (about 10 ECU/ patient/year) and the monitoring of therapy (168 ECU/ patient/year) are more than offset by an alleged savings for recurrent ischemic syndromes and interventional procedures (249 ECU/ patient/year). Conclusions. Preference of aspirin vs. oral anticoagulants in a pharmaco-economical perspective is highly dependent on the geographical situation whereupon calculations are based. On a pure cost-effectiveness basis, and in the absence of data of direct comparisons between aspirin alone versus I.N.R.-adjusted oral anticoagulants, the latter are not more expensive than aspirin in Italy and, by cost comparisons, in other European countries in the setting of post-myocardial infarction.

Persepsi Dan Partisipasi Pengunjung Terhadap Permasalahan Sampah Laut (Marine Debris) Di Pantai Temberan Kabupaten Bangka Dan Pantai Pasir Padi Pangkalpinang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Siska Oktavia ◽  
Wahyu Adi ◽  
Aditya Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the value of the density of marine debris, perceptions and participation in Temberan beach and Pasir Padi beach, as well as determine the relationship of perception and participation to the density of marine debris. This research is a type of research that is descriptive with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). The study was conducted at Temberan beach in Bangka Regency and Pasir Pasir Beach Pangkal Pinang in October 2019. The sampling technique used was random sampling and purposive sampling. The data collection technique was carried out using observation technique namely sampling and questionnaire. The validity test uses the Pearson Product Moment formula and the reliability test uses the Cronbach’s Alpha formula. The results showed that the density of debris in the Temberan beach was more dominant at 10.92 pieces/meter2, while at Temberan beach 3 pieces/meter2. The results of perception and participation are different, with the Temberan beach occupying more complex waste problems. The relationship of perception and participation in the density of marine debris have a relationship that affects each other.

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