Evaluation of A16 Motorway Fog-Signaling System with Respect to Driving Behavior

1997 ◽  
Vol 1573 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen H. Hogema ◽  
Richard van der Horst
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Road Section ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Visibility Range ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Traffic Measurements

On the A16 Motorway in the Netherlands, the Dutch Ministry of Transport implemented an automatic fog-signaling system to elicit safer driving behavior during fog. Along a road section 12 km (7.4 mi) long, 20 sensors were placed to continuously measure the visibility range. During fog, the system displays an explicit fog warning on overhead matrix signs together with a maximum speed limit that depends on the actual available visibility range. An evaluation study in terms of driving behavior was carried out for a period of more than 2 years. Continuous traffic measurements for individual vehicles were obtained via inductive loop detectors at six locations (four experimental and two control locations). Data on the local visibility conditions and on the messages displayed on the matrix signs were available on a 1-min basis. The results reveal that the system has a positive effect on speed choice in fog: on top of a lower mean speed caused by the reduced visibility, the system results in an additional decrease of speed of about 8 to 10 kph

Effect of graphene nano-platelets on mechanical and impact characteristics of carbon/Kevlar reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110168
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alsaadi ◽  
Bashar Younus ◽  
Ahmet Erklig ◽  
Mehmet Bulut ◽  
Omer Bozkurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Impact Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hybrid Carbon ◽  
Composite Samples

The influence of various graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) content on the tensile, flexural and Charpy impact characteristics of carbon, Kevlar and hybrid carbon/Kevlar fibers reinforced epoxy matrix composites was investigated. Both of composite configurations as carbon and Kevlar at outer and core skins were experimentally tested. The SEM images for flexural specimens were taken to observe the adhesion mechanism of GnPs particles with fiber/epoxy system. It is found that hybridization with Kevlar layers is contributed a positive effect on the hybrid carbon/Kevlar laminate structures in terms of tensile, flexural and impact behaviour. The incorporation of GnPs particles in hybrid and non-hybrid composite samples results in significant improvements in tensile, flexural and impact properties, and the greatest improvement occurs within the GnPs particle content of 0.1 and 0.25 wt%, indicating that the interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fibers is better due to the large surface area of the GnPs and the good entanglement between the GnPs layers and the matrix chains. The samples of impact test are experimented for edgewise and flatwise directions.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evaluation Study of Al5083 Alloy Using EBSD Technique after Processing with Different ECAP Processes and Temperatures

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Muneer Baig ◽  
Asiful H. Seikh ◽  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Jabair A. Mohammed ◽  
Faraz Hussain Hashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Microstructure Evaluation ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Positive Effect

The temperature effects on the microstructural evolution of a coarse-grained Al5083 alloy during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), were studied at ambient and high temperatures. The microstructural evaluation was done using an EBSD (electron backscattering diffraction) process. The grain refinement occurred as the number of passes increased, which had a positive effect on its strength. Additionally, increasing the pressing temperature leads to a decrease in the new grain’s formation and an increase in the normal grain size in the third pass. This can be ascribed to the unwinding of strain similarity between the grains because of the continuous activity of dynamic recuperation and the grain limit sliding occurring at a higher temperature. The attainment of grain refinement is examined exhaustively in this study.

scholarly journals An Efficient Method for Forming Parabolic Curves and Surfaces

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Yuliy Lyachek
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Parabolic Curve ◽  
Curves And Surfaces ◽  
Parabolic Interpolation ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Continuity Analysis

A new method for the formation of parabolic curves and surfaces is proposed. It does not impose restrictions on the relative positions in space of the sequence of reference points relative to each other, meaning it compares favorably with other prototypes. The disadvantages of the Overhauser and Brever–Anderson methods are noted. The method allows one to effectively form and edit curves and surfaces when changing the coordinates of any given point. This positive effect is achieved due to the appropriate choice of local coordinate systems for the mathematical description of each parabola, which together define a composite interpolation curve or surface. The paper provides a detailed mathematical description of the method of parabolic interpolation of curves and surfaces based on the use of matrix calculations. Analytical descriptions of a composite parabolic curve and its first and second derivatives are given, and continuity analysis of these factors is carried out. For the matrix of points of the defining polyhedron, expressions are presented that describe the corresponding surfaces, as well as the unit normal at any point. The comparative table of the required number of pseudo-codes for calculating the coordinates of one point for constructing a parabolic curve for the three methods is given.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties of Polypropylene Filled with Nanoscale Calcium Carbonate Particles

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369350201100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Qiu Zhang ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Shun Long Pan ◽  
Klaus Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Positive Effect

To bring the positive effect of nanoscale calcium carbonate into play, macromolecular chains were introduced onto the particles by irradiation grafting polymerisation so that the hydrophobicity of the particles was increased and the loosen agglomerates became stronger. Tensile testing results demonstrated that polypropylene composites incorporated with the grafted nano-CaCO3 particles exhibited improved stiffness, strength and toughness at low filler content when proper grafting polymers are introduced. Species of grafting polymers adhered to the nanoparticles is an important factor affecting the modification effect of the matrix polymer. Therefore, composites performance can be purposely tailored accordingly.

scholarly journals Quasi-Static Tests of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Biological Reinforcement in the Form of Eggshell Microparticles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kolář ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Rajesh Mishra ◽  
Anna Rudawska ◽  
Vladimír Šleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Static Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper is focused on the research of the cyclic loading of hybrid adhesive bonds based on eggshell microparticles in polymer composite. The aim of the research was to characterize the behavior of hybrid adhesive bonds with composite adhesive layer in quasi-static tests. An epoxy resin was used as the matrix and microparticles of eggshells were used as the filler. The adhesive bonds were exposed to cyclic loading and their service life and mechanical properties were evaluated. Testing was performed by 1000 cycles at 5–30% (165–989 N) and 5–70% (165–2307 N) of the maximum load of the filler-free bond in the static test. The results of the research show the importance of cyclic loading on the service life and mechanical properties of adhesive bonds. Quasi-static tests demonstrated significant differences between measured intervals of cyclic loading. All adhesive bonds resisted 1000 cycles of the quasi-static test with an interval loading 5–30%. The number of completed quasi-static tests with the interval loading 5–70% was significantly lower. The filler positively influenced the service life of adhesive bonds at a higher amount of quasi-static tests, i.e., the safety of adhesive bonds increased. The filler had a positive effect on adhesive bonds ABF2, where the strength significantly increased up to 20.26% at the loading of 5–30% against adhesive bonds ABF0. A viscoelasticity characteristic (creep) of the adhesive layer occurred at higher values of loading, i.e., between loading 5–70%. The viscoelasticity behavior did not occur at lower values of loading, i.e., between loading 5–30%.

Preparation and Experimental Study of Composite Phase Change Material for Building Energy Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Hong Yuan Yan ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Building Energy Conservation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Positive Effect

The building energy conservation has an important role in the energy field. Lightweight materials have been extensively used. By compositing the capric acid (CA) and lauric acid (LA) eutectic and using the expanded perlite (EP) as the matrix, a phase change material (PCM) was prepared and studied in laboratory. The mass fraction of this PCM reached at 60% through direct immersion for 24 hours. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) testing results indicated that the melting temperature of the PCM is 18.0°C, and the latent heat is 73.77J/g. From 1000 times cycling and heat-release characteristic test, this PCM was found to be stable well. After 2(wt)% graphite added in, solidification time of the PCM decreased by some 30%, the thermal conductivity improved. Application showed that the PCM has a positive effect on improving indoor environmental temperature.

scholarly journals DESIGN, SIMULATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE TIRE AND CHASSIS SYSTEM AT A TURN.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Mbelle Samuel Bisong ◽  
Paune Felix ◽  
Lokoue D. Romaric Brandon ◽  
Pierre Kisito Talla
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Lateral Behavior ◽  
Road Characteristics ◽  
Fundamental Theorems ◽  
The Given

Road security has become with time a topic of concern in our society as per the increasing number of accidents and deaths occurring on the highways. Regulatory experts on road users have constantly been working for ways to solve this problem and thence better the lives of the citizens. This paper is aimed at proposing a mathematical model integrating specific parameters, describing the dynamic lateral behavior of a vehicle’s tire and chassis systems and enabling to state a relationship between road characteristics and vehicle dynamics. To achieve this, we made used of the fundamental theorems of dynamics for the modeling of the vehicle’s suspended and non-suspended masses and load transfers, then we associated this with the Pacejka Tire model to obtain a complete vehicle model. After the particularization of a global model, a simulator was realized named “DYNAUTO SIMULATOR” which iterates the given variables to produce a consistent result. After an experimental research made on the Ndokoti – PK 24 road section we could, thanks to our simulator determine the maximum speed to have at every turn of this road section and also understand the effect of the modification of a vehicle’s center of gravity on its stability. This work will be an important tool which can be recommended to the regulatory board as a major asset in the road construction policy and also in the improvement of road safety measures.

scholarly journals LIFE TIMES OF SIMULATED TRAFFIC JAMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 567-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAI NAGEL
Keyword(s):  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Lifetime Distribution ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Freeway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Similar Appearance ◽  
Self Similar

We study a model for freeway traffic which includes strong noise taking into account the fluctuations of individual driving behavior. The model shows emergent traffic jams with a self-similar appearance near the throughput maximum of the traffic. The lifetime distribution of these jams shows a short scaling regime, which gets considerably longer if one reduces the fluctuations when driving at maximum speed but leaves the fluctuations for slowing down or accelerating unchanged. The outflow from a traffic jam self-organizes into this state of maximum throughput.

scholarly journals Green Sound-Absorbing Composite Materials of Various Structure and Profiling

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Eulalia Gliscinska ◽  
Javier Perez de Amezaga ◽  
Marina Michalak ◽  
Izabella Krucinska
Keyword(s):  
Sound Wave ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents thermoplastic sound-absorbing composites manufactured on the basis of renewable raw materials. Both the reinforcing material and the matrix material were biodegradable and used in the form of fibers. In order to mix flax fibers with polylactide fibers, the fleece was fabricated with a mechanical system and then needle-punched. The sound absorption of composites obtained from a multilayer structure of nonwovens pressed at different conditions was investigated. The sound absorption coefficient in the frequency ranging from 500 Hz to 6400 Hz was determined using a Kundt tube. The tests were performed for flat composites with various structures, profiled composites, and composite/pre-pressed nonwoven systems. Profiling the composite plate by convexity/concavity has a positive effect on its sound absorption. It is also important to arrange the plate with the appropriate structure for the incident sound wave. For the composite layer with an added pre-pressed nonwoven layer, a greater increase in sound absorption occurs for the system when a rigid composite layer is located on the side of the incident sound wave. The addition of successive nonwoven layers not only increases the absorption but also extends the maximum absorption range from the highest frequencies towards the lower frequencies.

scholarly journals MODELING THE PROBABILITY OF SPEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENT USING BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Willy Kriswardhana ◽  
Sonya Sulistyono ◽  
Iin Ervina ◽  
Dadang Supriyanto ◽  
Nunung Nuring Hayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Driving Experience

Driving at high speed has negative consequences, namely, the high number of accidents. Several factors have been considered as causes of the increasing severity of victims of traffic accidents, such as a human, vehicle, and environmental factors. The risky driving behavior factor is a factor that needs to be considered in traffic safety studies. This study aims to determine the probability model of speeding behavior based on several driver characteristics and their relationship to accident involvement. This study used a binary logistic regression method to determine the probability of driving behavior exceeding the speed limit and accident involvement. The results showed that the younger a person is, the higher the probability of breaking the maximum speed limit. Furthermore, driving experience also shows a similar trend, where the longer the driving experience of someone, the less likely it is to be involved in an accident. Directions for further research are also presented. Berkendara dengan kecepatan tinggi mempunyai konsekuensi negatif, yaitu tingginya angka kecelakaan. Beberapa faktor telah dipertimbangkan sebagai penyebab dari peningkatan tingkat keparahan korban kecelakaan lalulintas. Faktor tersebut seperti faktor manusia, kendaraan, dan lingkungan. Faktor perilaku berkendara yang berbahaya, menjadi faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam kajian keselamatan lalulintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model probabilitas pada perilaku speeding berdasarkan beberapa karakteristik pengendara, serta hubungannya dengan keterlibatan kecelakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi logistik biner untuk mengetahui probabilitas perilaku berkendara melebihi batas kecepatan dan keterlibatan kecelakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin muda usia seseorang, maka semakin tinggi probabilitasnya dalam melanggar batas kecepatan maksimum. Lebih lanjut diperlihatkan bahwa pengalaman mengemudi juga menunjukkan tren yang serupa. Pengalaman mengemudi seseroang, yang lebih lama akan memperkecil kemungkinan dalam keterlibatan kecelakaan. Arahan untuk penelitian selanjutnya juga ditampilkan.

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