On the evolution of secondary hardening carbides in a high-speed steel characterised by APFIM and SANS

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Leitner ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Johann Akre ◽  
Frederic Danoix ◽  
Peter Staron
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Secondary Hardening

FAGERSTA D-950

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Secondary Hardening ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
Economic Considerations

Abstract FAGERSTA D-950 is a high-speed steel that combines economic considerations in a properly balanced chemical analysis. An optimum carbon-vanadium ratio provides a high attainable hardness along with good mechanical properties. Its wide hardening range and excellent response to secondary hardening is rather unique and can offer some advantages in heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-307. Producer or source: Fagersta Steels Inc..

Tempering and secondary hardening of M 42 high-speed steel

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. EI Rakayby ◽  
B. Mills
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Secondary Hardening

Secondary Hardening of an AISI M3:2 High Speed Steel Sinter 23 Hot Isostatic Pressed

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
Oscar Olimpio de Araújo Filho ◽  
Cezar Henrique Gonzalez ◽  
Severino Leopoldino Urtiga Filho ◽  
C.A.N. Oliveira ◽  
Noelle D’emery Gomes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Secondary Hardening ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Process ◽  
Secondary Hardness ◽  
Metallurgy Process

The main aim of this work was to study the behavior of the secondary hardening of AISI M3:2 high speed steel named Sinter 23® produced by powder metallurgy process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The M3:2 high speed steel Sinter 23® was submitted to heat treatment of hardening with austenitizing temperatures of 1140 oC, 1160 oC, 1180 oC and 1200 oC and tempering at 540 oC, 560 oC and finally 580 oC. The effectiveness and response of the heat treatment was determined using hardness tests (Vickers and Rockwell C hardness) and had its property of secondary hardness evaluated. The results showed that the secondary hardening peak of Sinter 23® high speed steel (tempering temperature at which maximum hardness is attained) is at 540 °C for the lower austenitization temperatures of 1140 °C and 1160 °C, and it is at 560 °C for the higher austenitizing/quenching temperatures of 1180 °C and 1200°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Liu ◽  
Tian Qin ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Chengchang Jia ◽  
Qiuchi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbide Phase ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Secondary Hardening ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Austenite Content

In this study, the effect of tempering conditions on microstructure, grain size, and carbide phase compositions of spray-formed high-speed steel after quenching at 1180 °C was studied. The influence of carbide phase, size of carbides, and retained austenite content on secondary hardening of the steel was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); the hardness, microhardness of carbide, and bending strength were tested. The results show that M3C, M6C, M7C3, and MC carbides may precipitate at different tempering temperatures and the transformation of the retained austenite can be controlled by tempering. The phase composition of carbides, microstructure, and retained austenite content strongly influences the performance characteristics of M42 high-speed steel after tempering. In contrast, the secondary carbides produced by tempering thrice at 540 °C are mainly M6C carbides rich in W and Mo elements, and the content of retained austenite is effectively reduced. At this stage, the Rockwell hardness reaches 67.2 HRC, bending strength reaches 3115 MPa, and the properties and microstructure are optimal.

scholarly journals Secondary hardening in laser rapidly solidified Fe68(MoWCrVCoNiAlCu)32 medium-entropy high-speed steel coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Bang Dou ◽  
Hao Tang ◽  
Yizhu He ◽  
Sheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Secondary Hardening ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

Effect of Powder-Mixed Dielectric on EDM Process Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (8A) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235
Author(s):  
Safa R. Fadhil ◽  
Shukry. H. Aghdeab
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Dielectric Fluid ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Powder Concentration ◽  
Pulse On Time

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is extensively used to manufacture different conductive materials, including difficult to machine materials with intricate profiles. Powder Mixed Electro-Discharge Machining (PMEDM) is a modern innovation in promoting the capabilities of conventional EDM. In this process, suitable materials in fine powder form are mixed in the dielectric fluid. An equal percentage of graphite and silicon carbide powders have been mixed together with the transformer oil and used as the dielectric media in this work. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of some process parameters such as peak current, pulse-on time, and powder concentration of machining High-speed steel (HSS)/(M2) on the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and the surface roughness (Ra). Experiments have been designed and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach by adopting a face-centered central composite design (FCCD). It is found that added graphite-silicon carbide mixing powder to the dielectric fluid enhanced the MRR and Ra as well as reduced the TWR at various conditions. Maximum MRR was (0.492 g/min) obtained at a peak current of (24 A), pulse on (100 µs), and powder concentration (10 g/l), minimum TWR was (0.00126 g/min) at (10 A, 100 µs, and 10 g/l), and better Ra was (3.51 µm) at (10 A, 50 µs, and 10 g/l).

Enhancement of EDM Performance by Using Copper-Silver Composite Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358
Author(s):  
Saad K. Shather ◽  
Abbas A. Ibrahim ◽  
Zainab H. Mohsein ◽  
Omar H. Hassoon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining technique and usually applied for hard metals and complex shapes that difficult to machining in the traditional cutting process. This process depends on different parameters that can affect the material removal rate and surface roughness. The electrode material is one of the important parameters in Electro –Discharge Machining (EDM). In this paper, the experimental work carried out by using a composite material electrode and the workpiece material from a high-speed steel plate. The cutting conditions: current (10 Amps, 12 Amps, 14 Amps), pulse on time (100 µs, 150 µs, 200 µs), pulse off time 25 µs, casting technique has been carried out to prepare the composite electrodes copper-sliver. The experimental results showed that Copper-Sliver (weight ratio70:30) gives better results than commonly electrode copper, Material Removal Rate (MRR) Copper-Sliver composite electrode reach to 0.225 gm/min higher than the pure Copper electrode. The lower value of the tool wear rate achieved with the composite electrode is 0.0001 gm/min. The surface roughness of the workpiece improved with a composite electrode compared with the pure electrode.

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