Microstructure-Oriented Fatigue Assessment of Construction Materials and Joints Using Short-Time Load Increase Procedure*

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Walther
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Short Time

The Crystal Palace and its Place in Structural History

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Addis
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Crystal Palace ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Structural History ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
Short Time

Completed in 1851 to house the Exhibition of All Nations in London, the Crystal Palace was the first large public building that departed completely from traditional construction materials and methods. It was the first major building to be conceived by its design engineers, William Barlow and Charles Fox, as a rigid-jointed iron frame and one of the earliest to use horizontal and vertical cross-bracing to carry wind loads. Working closely with the contractor John Henderson, the designers also applied their knowledge of modern production engineering methods to ensure the building was constructed in the incredibly short time of 190 days. Within twenty years the iron frame, supporting thin walls of masonry, would become established as a viable alternative to load-bearing masonry walls for large buildings.

Fatigue Life Calculation of Metallic Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1337-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Walther ◽  
Dietmar Eifler
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Plastic Strain Amplitude ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Precise Calculation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Cyclic Plastic Deformation ◽  
Short Time

In stress-controlled load increase and single step tests besides the plastic strain amplitude the changes of the temperature and the electrical resistance caused by cyclic plastic deformation were measured. Temperature and resistance measurements don’t require a defined gage length and can be applied also on components even under service loading to ensure economic and safe operation conditions. On the basis of Morrow and Basquin equations a physically based fatigue life calculation “PHYBAL” was developed. This new short-time procedure allows a rapid and precise calculation of Woehler curves with data of one load increase and two single step tests.

Short-time procedure for fatigue assessment of beech wood and adhesively bonded beech wood joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Myslicki ◽  
Till Vallée ◽  
Frank Walther
Keyword(s):  
Beech Wood ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Short Time

Corrosion of Construction Materials in Clay Environments

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Dresselaers ◽  
Florent Casteels ◽  
Hugo Tas
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Gas Corrosion ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Iron Grade

ABSTRACTThe corrosion rate and mechanism of construction materials of galleries and casings for boreholes (possibly to be used as consumable overpack of HLW canisters) have been evaluated after a first campaign of corrosion experiments in direct contact with clay, in a humid clay atmosphere and in a gas corrosion chamber. The envisaged construction material is ductile iron (grade 60) and has been tested with and without metallic and organic coatings. The corrosion mechanism is governed by the formation of a rust scale composed of Fe3O4 and C. Preferential attack underneath the surface reaction layer is associated with the progress of a reaction front at the interface between the graphic nodules or flakes and the ferritic or pearlitic structure.Post-corrosion analyses of old gray iron coal mine shafts exposed for 60 and 90 years in well defined conditions are included to validate the use of the results of the short-time tests for very long exposure times.

What the replication reformation wrought

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Spellman ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Reform Movement ◽  
Short Time

AbstractReplication failures were among the triggers of a reform movement which, in a very short time, has been enormously useful in raising standards and improving methods. As a result, the massive multilab multi-experiment replication projects have served their purpose and will die out. We describe other types of replications – both friendly and adversarial – that should continue to be beneficial.

Periodic Variations in the Coronal Green Line Intensity and their Connection with the White-light Coronal Structures

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský ◽  
Vojtech Rušin
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
White Light ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Periodic Intensity ◽  
Coronal Green Line ◽  
Significant Intensity ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe present an analysis of short time-scale intensity variations in the coronal green line as obtained with high time resolution observations. The observed data can be divided into two groups. The first one shows periodic intensity variations with a period of 5 min. the second one does not show any significant intensity variations. We studied the relation between regions of coronal intensity oscillations and the shape of white-light coronal structures. We found that the coronal green-line oscillations occur mainly in regions where open white-light coronal structures are located.

Destruction of Actin Filaments by Osmium Tetroxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
P. Maupin-Szamier ◽  
T. D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Decay ◽  
Short Time

We have studied the destruction of rabbit muscle actin filaments by osmium tetroxide (OSO4) to develop methods which will preserve the structure of actin filaments during preparation for transmission electron microscopy.Negatively stained F-actin, which appears as smooth, gently curved filaments in control samples (Fig. 1a), acquire an angular, distorted profile and break into progressively shorter pieces after exposure to OSO4 (Fig. 1b,c). We followed the time course of the reaction with viscometry since it is a simple, quantitative method to assess filament integrity. The difference in rates of decay in viscosity of polymerized actin solutions after the addition of four concentrations of OSO4 is illustrated in Fig. 2. Viscometry indicated that the rate of actin filament destruction is also dependent upon temperature, buffer type, buffer concentration, and pH, and requires the continued presence of OSO4. The conditions most favorable to filament preservation are fixation in a low concentration of OSO4 for a short time at 0°C in 100mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0.

Effect of a Complex Heat Treatment on the Structure of 300M Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
300M Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Final Tempering ◽  
Similar Yield

Intermediate high temperature tempering prior to subsequent reaustenitization has been shown to double the plane strain fracture toughness as compared to conventionally heat treated UHSLA steels, at similar yield strength levels. The precipitation (during tempering) of metal carbides and their subsequent partial redissolution and refinement (during reaustenitization), in addition to the reduction in the prior austenite grain size during the cycling operation have all been suggested to contribute to the observed improvement in the mechanical properties. In this investigation, 300M steel was initially austenitized at 1143°K and then subjected to intermediate tempering at 923°K for 1 hr. before reaustenitizing at 1123°K for a short time and final tempering at 583°K. The changes in the microstructure responsible for the improvement in the properties have been studied and compared with conventionally heat treated steel. Fig. 1 shows interlath films of retained austenite produced during conventionally heat treatment.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of an Aluminum-Silver-Stainless Steel Solid State Bond

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
M. J. Carr ◽  
J. F. Shewbridge ◽  
T. O. Wilford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Dimensional Control ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Time

Strong solid state bonds are routinely produced between physical vapor deposited (PVD) silver coatings deposited on sputter cleaned surfaces of two dissimilar metal parts. The low temperature (200°C) and short time (10 min) used in the bonding cycle are advantageous from the standpoint of productivity and dimensional control. These conditions unfortunately produce no microstructural changes at or near the interface that are detectable by optical, SEM, or microprobe examination. Microstructural problems arising at these interfaces could therefore easily go undetected by these techniques. TEM analysis has not been previously applied to this problem because of the difficulty in specimen preparation. The purpose of this paper is to describe our technique for preparing specimens from solid state bonds and to present our initial observations of the microstructural details of such bonds.

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