Tocqueville and Marx: Not opposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Roger Boesche
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right

For more than half a century, analysts have presented Tocqueville as a counterpoise to Marx. J.-P. Mayer, who helped reintroduce Tocqueville after considerable neglect in the early twentieth century, pictured Tocqueville as a “Prophet of the Mass Age,” a prophet having found a middle way between the twin dangers of Marxism on the left and Fascism on the right. In the 1960s it was fashionable to declare that Tocqueville defended a “pluralistic political system” as an alternative to Marxist-Leninist tyrannies.

Border Blurs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
Scottish Literature ◽  
Concrete Poetry ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This book presents the first in-depth account of the relationship between English and Scottish poets and the international concrete poetry movement of the 1950s-70s. Concrete poetry was a literary and artistic style which reactivated early-twentieth-century modernist impulses towards the merging of artistic media while simultaneously speaking to a gamut of contemporary contexts, from post-1945 social reconstruction to cybernetics, mass media, and the sixties counter-culture. The terms of its development in England and Scotland also suggest new ways of mapping ongoing complexities in the relationship between those two national cultures, and of tracing broader sociological and cultural trends in Britain during the 1960s-70s. Focusing especially on the work of Ian Hamilton Finlay, Edwin Morgan, Dom Sylvester Houédard, and Bob Cobbing, Border Blurs is based on new and extensive archival and primary research. It fills a gap in contemporary understandings of a significant literary and artistic genre which has been largely overlooked by literary critics. It also sheds new light on the development of British and Scottish literature during the late twentieth century, on the emergence of intermedia art, and on the development of modernism beyond its early-twentieth-century, urban Western networks.

Alien or Refugee? The Politics of Russian Émigré Claims to British Asylum at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Ann Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Right

This article explores the ways in which the debates about the Aliens Bill and the controversy surrounding British immigration policies confirmed Russian émigrés’ identification as refugees and legitimised their anti-tsarist activities in the early twentieth century. It assesses how Russian émigrés made use of the British political crisis about immigration not only to protect their personal right to asylum, but also to advance their larger political and ideological perspectives about the illegitimacy of the Romanov regime. This article argues that the early twentieth-century transnational advocacy championing the right of asylum for Russian refugees in Britain explicitly established the moral and legal criteria used to define refugees outside of the context of war and justified the humanitarian necessity of political and religious asylum as an answer to governmental persecution.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF THE «BLACK HUNDREDS» IN THE SOVIET HISTORICAL SCIENCE: RUNNING IN CIRCLES

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
G. A. Ivakin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Right

During the Soviet period, the right monarchism was considered by historians of our country as part of general methodological approaches to the study of non-proletarian parties. As ideological and political antagonist of Bolshevism, the Black Hundreds were interpreted as the most reactionary political movement of pre-revolutionary Russia. As a result, the full scientific debate on the right monarchism in the Soviet period did not take place, and Soviet historians failed to form a historical concept of the Black Hundreds as an ideological and political trend in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals A Revived Sāṃkhyayoga Tradition in Modern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Marzenna Jakubczak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right

This paper discusses the phenomenon of Kāpil Maṭh (Madhupur, India), a Sāṃkhyayoga āśrama founded in the early twentieth century by the charismatic Bengali scholar-monk Swāmi Hariharānanda Ᾱraṇya (1869–1947). While referring to Hariharānanda’s writings I will consider the idea of the re-establishment of an extinct spiritual lineage. I shall specify the criteria for identity of this revived Sāṃkhyayoga tradition by explaining why and on what assumptions the modern reinterpretation of this school can be perceived as continuation of the thought of Patañjali and Īśvarakṛṣṇa. The starting point is, however, the question whether it is possible at all to re-establish a philosophical tradition which had once broken down and disappeared for centuries. In this context, one ought to ponder if it is likely to revitalise the same line of thinking, viewing, philosophy-making and practice in accordance with the theoretical exposition of the right insight achieved by an accomplished teacher, a master, the founder of a “new”revived tradition declared to maintain a particular school identity. Moreover, I refer to a monograph of Knut A. Jacobsen (2018) devoted to the tradition of Kāpil Maṭh interpreted as a typical product of the nineteenth-century Bengali renaissance.

scholarly journals Russian Liberal of the Beginning of the 20th Century in Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
F. A. Gayada
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

The article examines the political views and practices of Russian liberals in the early twentieth century. Russia’s political destiny of this period directly depended on building constructive relations between the authorities and society. Liberal ideas had a significant impact on the educated public. At the same time, the constructive cooperation between the liberals and the government was the most important condition for the possibility of application of these ideas in domestic political practice. The article examines the political experience of the two largest liberal political parties in Russia – the Cadets and the Octobrists. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian liberal politician of the early twentieth century could not get out of the role of an idealist oppositionist. He was incapable of recognizing the existing realities and the need for political compromises, which were often perceived as a sign of impotence or immorality. The liberals perceived themselves as the only force capable of bringing Russia to the right, «civilized» path. In the opinion of the liberals, this path was inevitable, therefore, under any circumstances, the liberal movement should have retained its leading role. In the spring of 1917, the liberal opposition was able to defeat its historical enemy (autocracy), but retained power for a very short time. The slaughter of the state machine, which the liberals themselves did not intend to preserve, led them to defeat. Thus, the state was the only guarantor of the existence of a liberal movement in Russia. 

The three waves of Arctic urbanisation. Drivers, evolutions, prospects

Polar Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe 2014 Arctic Human Development Report identified “Arctic settlements, cities, and communities” as one of the main gaps in knowledge of the region. This article looks at circumpolar urbanisation trends. It dissociates three historical waves of Arctic urbanisation: from the sixteenth century to the early twentieth century (the “colonial” wave), from the 1920s to the 1980s in the specific case of the Soviet urbanisation of the Arctic (the “Soviet” wave), and from the 1960s−70s to the present as a circumpolar trend (the “globalized” wave). It then discusses the three drivers of the latest urbanisation wave (resources, militarisation, and public services) and the prospects for Arctic cities’ sustainability in the near future.

Socialist Pluralism and Pluralist Socialism

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Barnard ◽  
R. A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
English School ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The 1960S

The English school of ‘socialist pluralists' of the early twentieth century pictured socialism as an order in which maximum autonomy of social and economic functions coexisted with a minimum of political functions. The ‘pluralist socialists' among the Czech reformers of the 1960s, by contrast, insisted that such autonomy can be realised and sustained only in conjunction with effective political modalities. The pluralization of socialist regimes entailed for them, therefore, not ‘the withering away of the state’ but its invigoration as a space for contesting general ends. Such contestation was envisaged principally in terms of competition between political parties which could give expression to ideological differentiation even within the confines of socialist belief, the implication being that agreement on fundamental societal values does not pre-empt diversity over political ends.

scholarly journals Religion in the Legacy of Nikita Shapoval

2004 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Leonid Kondratyk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

One of the pressing problems of contemporary Ukrainian religious studies is the study of its own history, some of which were either deformed or silenced in Soviet times. The practice of silence primarily concerned representatives of the Ukrainian revival of the early twentieth century, who, through their socio-political and scientific activities, asserted the right of the Ukrainian nation to independent development. The cohort of these prominent figures included Nikita Shapoval (1882-1932). Studying his religious heritage is important in view of the following points: first, it will make it possible to understand the history of our religious studies in its totality, and secondly, to expand the range of ideas, concepts, provisions for addressing the pressing issues that the national is working on religious studies. One of the most important issues is the nature and functionality of religion.

“A Triumph in Culinary Art”: Epicurean Displays at the Copley Plaza

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Michelle Tolini Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Extensive Family

From the early twentieth century through the 1960s, three generations of the Tolini family participated in culinary expositions organized by the Epicurean Society of Boston and Les Amis d'Escoffier. The French gastronomic traditions of Auguste Escoffier and Antonin Carême informed the creation of the elaborate and highly decorative tallow sculptures that were the centerpieces of these displays. Drawing upon an extensive family archive of photographs, menus, and ephemera, the author delves into the history of these extraordinaires, or pièces montées. The article explores the fabrication techniques and aesthetics of the centerpieces through oral history and seminal nineteenth- and twentieth-century culinary books such as The Escoffier Cook Book: A Guide to the Fine Art of Cookery and more obscure works such as Escoffier's Les Fleurs en Cire. The investigation uncovers the original sources of inspiration for the annual competitions, as well as a unique tradition of craftsmanship that was handed down from father to son to grandson.

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