scholarly journals ACHIEVING NATIONAL ALTRUISTIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN HUMAN EGGS FOR THIRD-PARTY REPRODUCTION IN CANADA

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Baylis ◽  
Jocelyn Downie
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Third Party Reproduction

Who Counts as Family? Gamete donation and the construction of family forms in medical markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-852
Author(s):  
Laura Halcomb
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gamete Donation ◽  
Egg Banks ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Egg Donors ◽  
Medical Markets ◽  
Third Party Reproduction ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

This paper examines how gender beliefs are embedded in the organizational practices of the reproductive market. Third party reproduction blurs boundaries between familial and non-familial members, making gamete banks and donation agencies important sites for studying the construction of family. Cultural beliefs about gender are implicated in the discourses and practices of these organizations, which shape and constrain the experiences and options for both gamete donors and recipient families. To evaluate this process, I conducted qualitative analyses on the recruitment materials of all of sperm banks, egg banks, and egg donation agencies in the United States. My analysis demonstrates that the reproductive market still relies on heteronormative assumptions of family. However, the extent to which these organizations facilitate participation in new, non-normative family forms breaks down along gendered lines, where sperm donors have more freedom, status, and potential to create relationships with recipient families than egg donors.

From Infertility to Successful Third-Party Reproduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Papadatou ◽  
Zaira G. Papaligoura ◽  
Thalia Bellali
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Third Party Reproduction

scholarly journals The Culture of Amateur Real Estate Investing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Garboden
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Do So

The majority of rental properties in the U.S. today is owned by small- to medium-sized investors, many of whom enter the trade with little prior experience. This paper considers the cultural factors that motivate these amateurs to purchase real estate–an investment with high risks and relatively poor returns. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 93 investors in three heterogeneous real estate markets, Baltimore, MD, Dallas, TX, and Cleveland, OH, combined with participant observation of 22 real estate investment association meetings (REIAs), this paper finds that amateurs who decide to become investors often do so during periods when their professional identities are insecure or they perceive their retirement portfolios to be insufficient. Through participation in real estate investment associations and other investor networks, they quickly internalize “investor culture,” embracing ideologies of self-sufficiency and risk. “Investor culture”—perpetuated by REIAs--motivates and legitimizes strategies of action that lead to increasingly leveraged investments. Third-party actors, including real estate gurus, paid mentors, and private “hard money” lenders exploit the intersection of insecurity and the propagation of investor culture to profit off amateurs’ investment decisions.

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