Does Quebec Have the Right Gasoline Tax? An Empirical Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-362
Author(s):  
Jérémie Dorval ◽  
Philippe Barla
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Gasoline Tax ◽  
The Right

Mechanisms of Placebo Pain Reduction: An Empirical Investigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Montgomery ◽  
Irving Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Placebo Administration ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pain Stimuli

Identical experimental pain stimuli were applied to the right and left index fingers of 56 university students, following the application of a placebo in the guise of a topical anesthetic to one of the fingers The pain stimuli were administered simultaneously to treated and untreated fingers for half of the subjects and sequentially for the others Significant and equivalent reductions in pain were reported in both conditions as a function of placebo administration These data indicate that reductions of experimental pain produced by placebos presented in the guise of local anesthetics are not mediated by such global mechanisms as anxiety reduction or the release of endogenous opioids

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION IN RUSSIA: ACCESS, RIGHTS, TRUST AND CITIZENS’ EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Revyakin Sergey A. ◽  
◽  
da Rocha Alvaro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roll Out

The problem of low usage of e-government solutions is common in many emerging countries. Is Russia experiencing the same issue? Are there sufficient conditions to grow the usage of e-government solutions (internet penetration rate, rights for the citizens to approach the government remotely, trust in government, computer skills and usage perception, etc.)? Do the use rates for public e-services portals and e-participation platforms equal one another? Based on scholarly articles, analytical reports, laws, regulations, and the results of citizens’ surveys, the research considers some factors that influence e-government implementation in Russia. The findings highlighted that the penetration of the Internet in Russia is high and that citizens have the right to approach the government remotely and trust the government. The survey demonstrated that the users believe they have enough knowledge and skills for using public e-services portals and e-participation platforms. At the same time, within the same institutional framework, the level of use of public e-services was still low in 2018 (29% of the respondents), and it was even lower for e-participation platforms (17% of the respondents). This observation suggests that the nature of e-government solutions (whether it is a public e-service portal or e-participation platform) should be considered when governments are developing roll-out programs.

Patients' Rights in Hospital: an Empirical Investigation in Finland

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Kristiina Kurittu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right ◽  
Good Health Care

The purpose of this study was to examine patients' rights in Finnish hospitals from the patients' own points of view. In 1993, a new Act on the status and right of patients in health care came into force. In this Act patients' rights are divided into three categories: the right to good health care, the right to be informed, and the right to self-determination and participation. These same categories of rights were used in this empirical investigation during 1993, in which a questionnaire was answered by 204 patients in two Finnish hospitals. The results indicate that Finnish hospital patients do not know enough about their rights. Information seems to be one of the most problematic areas for hospital patients. The study will be repeated in five years' time.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation of the Use of Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief at the European Court of Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 96-133
Author(s):  
Thiago Alves Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
European Court ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Most literature on freedom of religion or belief argues that there should be a high threshold for the imposition of limitations to the manifestation of the right. However, the practice of the European Court of Human Rights shows that the bar is much lower than academics suggest. This article explores this issue by analysing a plethora of cases and on the basis of interviews with lawyers connected to the Court. While the Court often considers the requirements of legality, legitimacy, and necessity, it does so briefly; focusing mostly on the analysis of proportionality and the margin of appreciation to the State in question. This approach makes the decisions exceedingly subjective and leads to little legal certainty in the area. Therefore, it is suggested that if the Court would analyse all criteria to impose limitations strictly, it could become more efficient while providing greater protection for persons to manifest their religion or belief.

scholarly journals Does Britain or the United States Have the Right Gasoline Tax?

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. H Parry ◽  
Kenneth A Small
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gasoline Tax ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals How to Study Well-Being: A Proposal for the Integration of Philosophy With Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110024
Author(s):  
Michael Prinzing
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Rigorous Theory ◽  
Conceptual Engineering ◽  
The Right

There are presently two approaches to the study of well-being. Philosophers typically focus on normative theorizing, attempting to identify the things that are ultimately good for a person, while largely ignoring empirical research. The idea is that empirical attention cannot be directed to the right place without a rigorous theory. Meanwhile, social scientists typically focus on empirical research, attempting to identify the causes and consequences of well-being, while largely ignoring normative theorizing. The idea is that conceptual and theoretical clarity will come with time and more data. This article argues that neither is a good approach to the study of well-being. The traditional philosophical approach underappreciates the vital importance of empirical investigation, whereas the atheoretical empirical approach underappreciates the vital importance of normative theorizing. The proposed solution is to bring these methods together. Well-being research should be interdisciplinary. The article proposes a “conceptual engineering” approach as a novel alternative. This approach involves an iterative process of normative theorizing, empirical investigation, and conceptual revision, with the aim of articulating concepts and theories of well-being that optimally suit particular interests and purposes.

scholarly journals FedPerf: A Practitioners’ Guide to Performance of Federated Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Semwal ◽  
Ajinkya L Mulay ◽  
Ayush Manish Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Local Data ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given

Federated Learning (FL) enables the edge devices to collaboratively train a joint model without sharing their local data. This decentralised and distributed approach improves user privacy, security, and trust. Different variants of FL algorithms have presented promising results on both IID and skewed Non-IID data. However, the performance of FL algorithms is found to be sensitive to the FL system parameters and hyperparameters of the used model. In practice, tuning the right set of parameter settings for an FL algorithm is an expensive task. In this preregister paper, we propose an empirical investigation on five prominent FL algorithms to discover the relation between the FL System Parameters (FLSPs) and their performance. The FLSPs adds extra complexity to FL algorithms over a traditional ML system. We hypothesise that choosing the best FL algorithm for the given FLSP is not a trivial problem. Further, we endeavour to formulate a single easy-to-use metric which can describe the performance of an FL algorithm, thereby making the comparison simpler.

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