Images of History: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Latin American Photographs as Documents, by Robert M. LevineImages of History: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Latin American Photographs as Documents, by Robert M. Levine. Durham, North Carolina, Duke University Press, 1989. xi, 216 pp. $34.95 U.S.

Throughout tropical urban Latin America, yellow fever wreaked havoc. Located at sea level, Guayaquil (Ecuador) and Puerto Barrios (Guatemala) were particularly susceptible to yellow fever; yet, Ecuadorians and Guatemalans enjoyed significant success in early twentieth-century campaigns against yellow fever. Reflecting international efforts that informed, collaborated with, and at times underwrote Latin American public health campaigns, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) sent representatives to Guatemala and Ecuador in the mid-1910s to eradicate yellow fever. While those interventions enjoyed immediate success, the long-term effects were more ambiguous. By collaborating with RF, Ecuador had all but eradicated yellow fever by 1919. In Guatemala, however, a few months after RF declared Guatemala free of yellow fever, influenza struck, likely originating from US military camps in Guatemala that RF sought to shield from yellow fever. Analysis of early twentieth-century yellow fever epidemics and campaigns to arrest them sheds light on COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Even as knowledge of disease etiology was evolving in Ecuador and Guatemala, most leaders accepted or at least did not publicly reject scientific medicine. In contrast, beginning with the most powerful politicians and filtering down throughout federal, state, and municipal authorities, many US leaders rejected science crucial to the campaigns against COVID-19. Similarly, in a pattern that resonates with US residents rejecting precautionary measures against COVID-19 such as wearing masks and maintaining social distance, compliance with anti-yellow fever campaigns was not always forthcoming.

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Early Twentieth-Century Suburbs in North Carolina: Essays on History, Architecture and Planning.

The Journal of Southern History ◽

10.2307/2209185 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 649

Author(s):

Char Miller ◽

Catherine W. Bishir ◽

Lawrence S. Earley

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

North Carolina ◽

Early Twentieth Century

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Empowered objects, powerless subjects: citizenship, religion, and political representation in twentieth-century Cuba

New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids ◽

10.1163/13822373-90002496 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 80 (3-4) ◽

pp. 245-252

Author(s):

Olivia Maria Gomes da Cunha

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

North Carolina ◽

National Identity ◽

Social Science ◽

Latin American ◽

Political Representation ◽

Research Topics ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Chapel Hill

[First paragraph]Measures of Equality: Social Science, Citizenship, and Race in Cuba, 1902-1940. Alejandra Marina Bronfman. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. xi + 234 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)Afro-Cuban Religiosity, Revolution, and National Identity. Christine Ayorinde. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004. ix + 283 pp. (Cloth US$ 59.95)In the last ten years, research topics such as race and nation have been privileged areas for the historical and anthropological understanding of Caribbean and Latin American societies. Regarding Cuba in particular, social scientists have dedicated important scholarship to these issues by mapping conceptions of citizenship and political representation, while situating them within a broader debate on the making of the new postcolonial and republican society at the beginning of the twentieth century. By pursuing different aims and following distinct approaches, Alejandra Bronfman and Christine Ayorinde have made contributions to this academic literature. Through divergent theoretical and methodological perspectives, both of their books explore alternative ways of interpreting the making of the nation founded upon a multiple and fluid rhetoric of race.

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