Pastor, Politician, Entrepreneur, Chief: Power and Leadership on Epoon Atoll Today

Ola Gunhildrud Berta

doi:10.3138/anth.2018-0015

Pastor, Politician, Entrepreneur, Chief: Power and Leadership on Epoon Atoll Today

Anthropologica ◽

10.3138/anth.2018-0015 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 240-250

Author(s):

Ola Gunhildrud Berta

Keyword(s):

Leadership Practices ◽

Marshall Islands ◽

Colonial Administration ◽

Context Dependent ◽

Gain Access

In analysing the various types of political figures and status positions on Epoon, an outer atoll in the Marshall Islands, this article sheds light on contemporary constitutions of hierarchy, authority and leadership. This leads to an argument about the context-dependent nature of power. No leadership figure on Epoon today is all-powerful in the sense that his or her influence is relevant across all political and cultural spheres. When the historical depictions of Marshallese chiefs are traced in a critical light, it will become clear that earlier ideas of the chiefs as autocratic power figures may have appeared to benefit German colonial administration and Protestant missionaries. Shifting the focus to the dynamics of contemporary leadership practices, the case of an El Salvadorian castaway illuminates the power plays various actors engage in to gain access to his boat. What we will see is that power is highly dependent on context to have effect.

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High-Vacuum Evaporation and a Cryostage to Observe Fractured Yeast

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103346 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 256-257

Author(s):

William P. Wergin ◽

Eric F. Erbe ◽

Eugene L. Vigil

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Standard Specimen ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Specimen Holder ◽

Sputter Coating ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Gain Access ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Transfer Device

Investigators have long realized the potential advantages of using a low temperature (LT) stage to examine fresh, frozen specimens in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, long working distances (W.D.), thick sputter coatings and surface contamination have prevented LTSEM from achieving results comparable to those from TEM freeze etch. To improve results, we recently modified techniques that involve a Hitachi S570 SEM, an Emscope SP2000 Sputter Cryo System and a Denton freeze etch unit. Because investigators have frequently utilized the fractured E face of the plasmalemma of yeast, this tissue was selected as a standard for comparison in the present study.In place of a standard specimen holder, a modified rivet was used to achieve a shorter W.D. (1 to -2 mm) and to gain access to the upper detector. However, the additional height afforded by the rivet, precluded use of the standard shroud on the Emscope specimen transfer device. Consequently, the sample became heavily contaminated (Fig. 1). A removable shroud was devised and used to reduce contamination (Fig. 2), but the specimen lacked clean fractured edges. This result suggested that low vacuum sputter coating was also limiting resolution.

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Forming Impressions of Personality

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000179 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 153-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sanne Nauts ◽

Oliver Langner ◽

Inge Huijsmans ◽

Roos Vonk ◽

Daniël H. J. Wigboldus

Keyword(s):

Impression Formation ◽

Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

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Memorial Consequences of Environmental Context Change in Children and Adults

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000056 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 455-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alp Aslan ◽

Anuscheh Samenieh ◽

Tobias Staudigl ◽

Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Young Adults ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Middle Childhood ◽

First Graders ◽

Fourth Graders ◽

Environmental Context ◽

Context Change ◽

Context Dependent

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.

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