scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity in Methods for Examination of Ocular Astigmatism

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Petr Veselý ◽  
Sylvie Petrová ◽  
Pavel Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measured Sensitivity ◽  
Vision Screener

Purpose: We usually use objective and subjective methods for examination of the eye astigmatism in optometry, respectively ophthalmology. Objective methods enable to measure sphere-cylindrical refraction of the eye. If we want to prescribe new glasses or contact lenses we usually use subjective methods. The aim of this study was to measure sensitivity and specificity of some subjective and objective methods for examination of the eye astigmatism. We supposed that automatic objective refraction will be the most exact method so we choose this method as the reference method. For comparison we chose subjective methods Jackson crossed cylinders (JCC), fogging method (FM) and objective method Spot Vision Screener (SVS, Welch Allyn). Materials and methods: We had in total 30 subjects with average age 23 years (SD 1 year) in our study. We made each measurement per eye separately and it was independent measurement so we could use measurement from each eye (n = 60). Each eye was firstly measured by subjective method FM, followed by JCC method and finally was use objective method Spot Vision Screener (SVS, Welch Allyn). Measurement with objective instrument TRK-1P (TOPCON) was use as reference measurement. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. Results: In variable FM we measured sensitivity 76.2 % and specificity 66.7 %. Criterion for positive finding was -0.25 D. Result was statistically significant on level p < 0.001. In variable JCC we measured sensitivity 95.2 % and specificity 66.7 %. Criterion for positive finding was -0.25 D. Result was statistically significant on level p < 0.001. In variable SVS we measured sensitivity 47.6 % and specificity 94.4 %. Criterion for positive finding was -0.75 D. Result was statistically significant on level p < 0.001. Direct comparison of all methods showed statistically important difference between techniques JCC and FM (p = 0.0095). In other method we did not find statistically important difference (FM vs. SVS, p = 0.526 and JCC vs. SVS, p = 0.105). Conclusion: All subjective and objective techniques were statistically significant in detection of eye astigmatism. Comparison of ROC curves showed statistically significant difference between FM and JCC technique. The JCC method showed the highest sensitivity, whereas SVS highest specificity.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Value of Preoperative Serum Levels of CA 242 and CEA in the Staging and Postoperative Survival of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Kim ◽  
L.C. Fernandes ◽  
S.S. Saad ◽  
D. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ca 242 ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction CEA is the most frequently used tumor marker in colorectal cancer. There may be an improvement in its efficacy when used in association with CA 242. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative serum levels of the tumor markers CA 242 and CEA in the staging and postoperative follow-up of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods Of a series of 134 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas 90 underwent radical surgery and 44 palliative surgery. The control group consisted of 22 organ donors. The cutoff serum levels utilized were 5 ng/mL for CEA and 20 U/mL for CA 242. The mortality during follow-up was recorded in order to determine the duration of survival. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using diagnostic tests, the chi-square test, survival analysis (Kaplan and Meier) and ROC curves. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was applied. Results The sensitivity of CEA in Dukes’ stages A, B, C and D was 27.8%, 32.4%, 32.1% and 66.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of CA 242 was 11.1%, 16.2%, 30.8% and 50%. When both markers were combined, the sensitivity was 33.3%, 48.6%, 40.7% and 72.5%. In the group of patients who underwent radical surgery the mean survival was 60.47 months for those with high preoperative CEA levels, 52.22 months for those with high preoperative CA 242 levels, and 44.80 months for those with elevated levels of both markers. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between patients undergoing radical surgery with elevated CA 242 levels, especially when CEA was also elevated, and patients without elevated CA 242. Conclusion Preoperative serum levels of CA 242 showed less efficacy than CEA levels for the staging of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Elevated preoperative serum levels of CA 242 alone were related to poor survival, especially in association with high levels of CEA.

The utility of six serum tumor markers in early detection of lung cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwen Jiang ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Yiting Li ◽  
Weina Huang ◽  
Xinjian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in China. However, most of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage. Thus, novel lung cancer diagnostic tests, which can be used to screen individuals in early stage, are required.Methods: A total of 208 patients involving 161 cases of lung cancer and 47 cases of benign diseases were enrolled. Serum concentration of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM and HTM were analyzed by kits according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.Results: The results showed significant difference in serum concentrations of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM, and HTM between patients with lung cancer and benign diseases. In addition, when compared with benign diseases, higher levels of those six markers were also observed in patient with SCC and SCLC, but not for ADC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further suggested a high sensitivity and specificity of six markers to identify lung cancer.Conclusion: The serum levels of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM and HTM in lung cancer were significantly higher than those of benign diseases. Moreover, these six biomarkers showed a high sensitivity and specificity to identify a patient with malignant. These findings suggested that detection of those six biomarkers in serum might be helpful for differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

Compared performance of Spot and SW800 photoscreeners on Chinese children

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Qian ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Gang Ding ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Hongyu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Myopic Shift ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Vision Screener ◽  
Strong Agreement

PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of Spot photoscreener and SW800 vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors in Chinese children between 4 and 6 years of age.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen children (226 eyes) underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, cycloplegic retinoscopy refraction, prism cover tests and photoscreen using both Spot (v2.1.4) and SW800 (v1.0.1.0) photoscreeners. The agreement of results obtained from photoscreener and retinoscopy was evaluated by paired t-test as well as Pearson correlation test. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting amblyopia risk factors were calculated based on the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2013 guidelines. The overall effectiveness of detecting amblyopia risk factors by using either photoscreener was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsA strong linear agreement was observed between Spot and retinoscopy (p<0.01) in aspects of spherical equivalent (SE, Pearson’s r=0.95), dioptre sphere (DS, r=0.97), dioptre cylinder (DC, r=0.84) and horizontal deviation (Hdev, r=0.91), with overall −0.17 D myopic shift of SE. Significant correlation was also shown between SW800 and retinoscopy (p<0.01) in aspects of SE (r=0.90), DS (r=0.93), DC (r=0.82) and Hdev (r=0.80), with overall −0.12 D myopic shift of SE. The overall sensitivity and specificity in detecting amblyopia risk factors were 94.0% and 80.0% for Spot and 88.8% and 81.1% for SW800.ConclusionThe measurements of Spot and SW800 photoscreener showed a strong agreement with cycloplegic retinoscopy refraction and prism cover tests. The performance of both screeners in detecting individual amblyopia risk factors is satisfactory. ROC analysis indicates that the Spot and SW800 performed very similarly in detecting amblyopia risk factors.

Effect of Concentration of Trisodium Citrate Anticoagulant on Calculation of the International Normalised Ratio and the International Sensitivity Index of Thromboplastin

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 084-088 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Duncan ◽  
C R Casey ◽  
B M Duncan ◽  
J V Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Orthogonal Regression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of trisodium citrate used to anticoagulate blood has an effect on the INR of the sample and the ISI of the thromboplastin. Five thromboplastins including and Australian reference material were used to measure the prothrombin time of normal and patient samples collected into two concentrations of trisodium citrate - 109 mM and 129 mM. There was no effect of citrate concentration on the INRs determined with the reference material. However for the other four thromboplastins there was a significant difference between INRs for the two citrate groups. The prothrombin times of the samples collected into 129 mM were longer than those collected into 109 mM. This difference was only slight in normal plasma but more marked in patients receiving oral anticoagulants, causing the INRs for patient plasmas collected into 129 mM citrate to be higher then the corresponding samples collected into 109 mM citrate.From orthogonal regression of log prothrombin times by the reference method against each thromboplastin, we found that the ISI for each thromboplastin was approximately 10% lower when determined with samples collected into 129 mM citrate than with samples collected into 109 mM. These results suggest that the concentration of trisodium citrate used for collection of blood samples can affect the calculation of the INR and the calibration of the ISI of thromboplastin. This was found both for commercial thromboplastins prepared by tissue extraction and for a recombinant tissue factor.

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽  
Hakan TOSUN
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

scholarly journals The value of serum progesterone level on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration / metaphase II oocyte ratio in predicting IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with normal ovarian reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mahran ◽  
Mohammed Khairy ◽  
Reham Elkhateeb ◽  
Abdel Rahman Hegazy ◽  
Ayman Abdelmeged ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Treatment

Abstract Background The clinical implication of the increased serum progesterone level on the day of HCG administration in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) is still controversial. The current study aimed to compare the predictive value of serum progesterone on day of HCG administration / metaphase II oocyte (P/MII) ratio on IVF/ ICSI outcome to serum progesterone (P) level alone and the ratio of serum progesterone/estradiol level (P/E2) ratio in prediction of pregnancy rates after ART. Material & methods Two hundred patients admitted to the IVF/ICSI program at Minia IVF center in Egypt in the period from October 2016 to May 2018 were included in this study. Serum Progesterone (P) and Estradiol (E2) levels were estimated on the day of HCG administration. The ratio between serum P and the number of MII oocytes (P/MII ratio) was calculated and the predictive values of the three parameters (P, P/E2 ratio and P/MII ratio) in prediction of cycle outcomes were measured. Results P/ MII oocyte ratio was significantly lower in patients who attained clinical pregnancy (n = 97) as compared with those who couldn’t whilst there was no significant difference in P and P/E2 ratio between the two groups. Using a cut off value of 0.125, the sensitivity and specificity of progesterone/ MII ratio in prediction of no pregnancy in IVF/ICSI were 75.7 and 77.1% respectively with the area under The Receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC) = 0.808. The respective values of the ROC-AUC for the P and P/E2 ratio were 0.651 and 0.712 with sensitivity and specificity of 71.2 and 73.5%for P level and of 72.5 and 75.3% for P/E2 ratio. Implantation or clinical pregnancy rates were significantly different between patients with high and low P/MII ratio irrespective of day of embryo transfer (day 3 or 5). Conclusions In patients with normal ovarian response, serum progesterone on day of HCG / MII oocyte ratio can be a useful predictor of pregnancy outcomes and in deciding on freezing of all embryos for later transfer instead of high progesterone level alone.

scholarly journals Quantification and Classification of Diclofenac Sodium Content in Dispersed Commercially Available Tablets by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eirini Siozou ◽  
Vasilios Sakkas ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ft Ir

A new methodology, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with an attenuated total reflectance accessory (ATR FT-IR), was developed for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dispersed commercially available tablets using chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS) coupled with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PLS-DA depicted a perfect classification of the tablets into three different groups based on their DS concentrations, while the developed model with PLS had a sufficiently low root mean square error (RMSE) for the prediction of the samples’ concentration (~5%) and therefore can be practically used for any tablet with an unknown concentration of DS. Comparison with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry as the reference method revealed no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed methodology exhibited satisfactory results in terms of both accuracy and precision while being rapid, simple and of low cost.

Factors affecting progression to permanent atrial fibrillation in an unselected population of patients with non-permanent form of atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L Malavasi ◽  
E Fantecchi ◽  
V Tordoni ◽  
L Melara ◽  
A Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unselected Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background Natural history of atrial fibrillation (AF) shows a progression of arrhythmia from non-permanent to permanent AF. Permanent AF was found associated with a worse prognosis than non-permanent one. Aim To assess the factors associated with progression to permanent AF in an unselected population of AF patients with non-permanent AF. Methods In this prospective study we enrolled in- as well as out-patients with non-permanent AF and age ≥18 years, with at least one episode of ECG-documented AF within 1 year. The patients were followed-up at 1 month and every 6 months thereafter. Results Out of 523 patients, 314 (60%) were in non-permanent AF (80 [25.5%] paroxysmal AF, 165 [52.5%] persistent AF, 69 [2%] first diagnosed AF), mostly male (188, 59.9%), median age 71 years (IQ range 62–77), median CHA2DS2VASc 3 (1–4), median HATCH score 1 (1–2). After a median follow-up of 701 (IQ range 437–902) days, 66 patients (21%) showed permanent AF. CHA2DS2VASc and HATCH scores were incrementally associated to progression to permanent AF (CHA2DS2VASc χ2 p=0.001; HATCH χ2 p=0.017; p for trend CHA2DS2VASc &lt;0.001, HATCH p=0.001). At multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression the following variables were significantly associated with AF progression: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.041; 95% CI: 1.004–1.079; p=0.028), at least moderate left atrial (LA) enlargement (&gt;42 ml/m2) (HR 2.092; 95% CI: 1.132–3.866; p=0.018), antiarrhythmics drugs after the enrollment (HR 0.087; 95% CI: 0.011–0.662; p=0.018), EHRA score &gt;2 (HR 0.351; 95% CI: 0.158–0.779; p=0.010) and Valvular HD (HR 2.161; 95% CI: 1.057–4.420; p=0.035). Adding LA dilation to HATCH score (HATCH-LA) and assigning 2 points based on multivariable Cox regression, HATCH-LA was statistically better in ROC curves in prediction of AF progression vs HATCH score (area under the curve 0.695 vs 0.636; DeLong p=0.0225). Survival-free curves on freedom from permanent AF using as discriminator HATCH-LA score ≤2 vs &gt;2 led to a statistically significant difference (χ2=16.080 p&lt;0.001), but the same was not found for HATCH score (χ2 =3.099; p=0.078). Conclusions In patients without permanent AF, progression of AF was independentely related to age, LA dilation, AF symptoms severity, antiarrhythmic drugs and Valvular HD. HATCH score predicted AF progression and adding to it LA dilation (at least moderate) improved patients stratification for the risk of evolution to permanent AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Predictive value of time-variant color-coded multiphase CT angiography (mCTA) regarding clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke: in comparison with conventional mCTA and CT perfusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512098177
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Nannan Kang ◽  
Jianghe Kang ◽  
Shaomao Lv ◽  
Jinan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Infarct Core ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Core Volume

Background Color-coded multiphase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) can provide time-variant blood flow information of collateral circulation for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Purpose To compare the predictive values of color-coded mCTA, conventional mCTA, and CT perfusion (CTP) for the clinical outcomes of patients with AIS. Material and Methods Consecutive patients with anterior circulation AIS were retrospectively reviewed at our center. Baseline collateral scores of color-coded mCTA and conventional mCTA were assessed by a 6-point scale. The reliabilities between junior and senior observers were assessed by weighted Kappa coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic regression model were applied to evaluate the predictive capabilities of color-coded mCTA and conventional mCTA scores, and CTP parameters (hypoperfusion and infarct core volume) for a favorable outcome of AIS. Results A total of 138 patients (including 70 cases of good outcomes) were included in our study. Patients with favorable prognoses were correlated with better collateral circulations on both color-coded and conventional mCTA, and smaller hypoperfusion and infarct core volume (all P < 0.05) on CTP. ROC curves revealed no significant difference between the predictive capability of color-coded and conventional mCTA ( P = 0.427). The predictive value of CTP parameters tended to be inferior to that of color-coded mCTA score (all P < 0.001). Both junior and senior observers had consistently excellent performances (κ = 0.89) when analyzing color-coded mCTA maps. Conclusion Color-coded mCTA provides prognostic information of patients with AIS equivalent to or better than that of conventional mCTA and CTP. Junior radiologists can reach high diagnostic accuracy when interpreting color-coded mCTA images.

scholarly journals Deep learning for accurately recognizing common causes of shoulder pain on radiographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils F. Grauhan ◽  
Stefan M. Niehues ◽  
Robert A. Gaudin ◽  
Sarah Keller ◽  
Janis L. Vahldiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Common Causes

Abstract Objective Training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect the most common causes of shoulder pain on plain radiographs and to assess its potential value in serving as an assistive device to physicians. Materials and methods We used a CNN of the ResNet-50 architecture which was trained on 2700 shoulder radiographs from clinical practice of multiple institutions. All radiographs were reviewed and labeled for six findings: proximal humeral fractures, joint dislocation, periarticular calcification, osteoarthritis, osteosynthesis, and joint endoprosthesis. The trained model was then evaluated on a separate test dataset, which was previously annotated by three independent expert radiologists. Both the training and the test datasets included radiographs of highly variable image quality to reflect the clinical situation and to foster robustness of the CNN. Performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the thereof derived AUC as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results The developed CNN demonstrated a high accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.871 for detecting fractures, 0.896 for joint dislocation, 0.945 for osteoarthritis, and 0.800 for periarticular calcifications. It also detected osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis with near perfect accuracy (AUC 0.998 and 1.0, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 and 0.86 for fractures, 0.95 and 0.65 for joint dislocation, 0.90 and 0.86 for osteoarthrosis, and 0.60 and 0.89 for calcification. Conclusion CNNs have the potential to serve as an assistive device by providing clinicians a means to prioritize worklists or providing additional safety in situations of increased workload.

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