scholarly journals Geohydrology and ground-water quality in the vicinity of a ground-water-contamination site in Rockford, Illinois

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water Contamination

Agriculture and ground water quality: A public policy perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Abdalla ◽  
Lawrence W. Libby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Water Supplies

AbstractAgricultural production is an important source of ground water contamination in many regions of the U.S. Ground water contamination is the unintended side effect of actions by economic agents pursuing their interests within the legal framework established by current public policy. Under existing policy, agricultural producers do not have changes as noted to consider off-site effects of their decisions on ground water supplies. Given these policy rules, producers can be expected to cause such damage until their rights and obligations are adjusted by policy. The farmer is simply responding in a predictable manner to opportunities existing within the economic system. Possible rationales for government action to protect ground water quality include: 1) the existence of “third party” effects in the form of off-site damages associated with degraded water supplies; 2) overuse of an “open-access” resource; 3) society's desire to make conservative ground water management decisions to avoid the risks of contamination; and 4) individuals' demands for ground water protection even though they may not expect to directly benefit. Alternative policy instruments for ground water protection include taxes, subsidies, regulations and prohibitions, education, and public spending. Different policy approaches are being employed to address agricultural contamination of ground water. One policy approach emphasizes producers ' lack of accurate information and appropriate decision-making, and recommends educating farmers about how their profits can be increased by improved decisions regarding inputs. A second approach is to change the rules and incentives to compel or induce producers to act in a way that improves ground water quality. If ground water quality follows the pattern of most public issues, effective policies will be developed only as the cost of failing to act becomes known. Research and delivery of information on the costs of ground water protection and the costs of not protecting ground water are likely to be key factors affecting the formation of future ground water quality policies.

Ground water contamination from agricultural sources: Implications for voluntary policy adherence from Iowa and Virginia farmers' attitudes

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Halstead ◽  
Steven Padgitt ◽  
Sandra S. Batie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Voluntary Programs ◽  
Voluntary Adoption

AbstractContamination of ground water from agricultural sources has been documented in a majority of the contiguous United States. In this study, we examine the potential for voluntary adoption of management practices that reduce risk of ground water contamination and discuss how f arm operators' attitudes regarding the environment might affect the success of voluntary programs. Farmers' behavior and attitudes in Rockingham County, Virginia, and Big Spring Basin, Iowa, reveal that both groups consider the ground water issue to be a serious problem to which they are contributing. This awareness is a significant first step in prompting consideration of management practices that reduce the threat to ground water quality. We also found that the “worst offenders”—that is, farmers applying nitrogen well above agronomic recommendations-were those with the least concern about the problem. If major shifts in farming practices are to occur voluntarily, major incentives or disincentives are needed. Even though the concern about ground water quality is high, the documented risks perceived by farmers are not strongly convincing. The economic incentives for change are questionable at best. Voluntary adoption of best management practices is only one of several policy options. Ultimately, policies designed to reduce ground water contamination may need a mix of strategies, including economic incentives and disincentives, zoning and land use restrictions, environmental regulations, and bans on agricultural chemicals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ground Water Contamination by Inorganic Impurities in Ferozepur District of Punjab State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Physico Chemical

Malwa region of Punjab state, India has become the center of water borne diseases due to excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, industrial toxins that cause toxicity in water. The main contamination in ground water is by physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e. pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, arsenic and lead. The contamination of ground water with heavy metals causes health hazards to humans and animals. Due to lack of adequate facilities and resources for the management and handling of waste, the ground water contamination has been increased. In the present study, assessment of ground water quality was carried out in the villages of Ferozepur district of Punjab state, India. With main emphasis on analyzing the groundwater parameters of Ferozepur district which are responsible for health hazard to humans and animals. Various groundwater samples were collected randomly from the villages of Ferozepur district and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, heavy metals (arsenic and lead) using standard procedures. The concentrations of calcium, chlorides, fluorides and pH were within the permissible limits, whereas, alkalinity and total hardness were observed beyond permissible limits in most of the water samples. Even among majority of the samples taken, the concentration of arsenic and lead was found within the permissible limits. Results showed that the ground water samples collected from depth ranging from 100 to 360 ft, recorded values within permissible limits for drinking purpose as prescribed by WHO. Further, ANOVA has been applied on analysis results to study the effect of pH on fluoride and chloride, depth on fluoride and chloride and depth on arsenic and lead. Also, to adjudge the overall quality of water in Ferozepur district, the water quality index (WQI) has been calculated on the basis of large number of physico-chemical characteristics of water. The water quality index of ground water in Ferozepur district has been calculated to be 107. The value is close to 100 so the quality of ground water in Ferozepur district can be categorized under 'Good Quality' water.

scholarly journals Deterioration of Ground Water Quality in Eloor –Edayar Industrial Belt

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2289-2292
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Ground Water Pollution

Ground water contamination has become a serious problem due to rapid growth of population, industrialization and high rate of Urbanization. Untreated or partially treated industrial effluents discharged in to water bodies or ponds and sludge heaps causes severe ground water pollution in industrial belts. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the extent of ground water pollution in an area of 500 m around the Eloor-Edayar Industrial belt. Results revealed that the ground water near to the Industrial zone is already polluted and possible remedial measures are suggested.

scholarly journals HOME USE OF LAWN AND GARDEN CHEMICALS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113b-1113
Author(s):  
John M. Halstead ◽  
Walden R. Kerns ◽  
P. Diane Relf
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Application Rates

Public concern over the impacts of pesticides and fertilizers on ground water quality has been increasing. Health impacts from ingestion of these chemicals in ground water vary considerably. Recent estimates of the volume of pesticides used in the U.S. indicate that home and garden uses account for about six to eight percent of total pesticides used. To obtain information on types and application rates of home garden chemical use, a telephone survey of Virginia homeowners was undertaken in the summer of 1988. Information was obtained on: 1) size of respondents' lawns and gardens; 2) use of a professional service to manage the lawn or garden, 3) what chemicals were applied and frequency; 4) sources of information used in making chemical use decisions; 5) use of product label instructions and difficulty in interpreting instructions; and 6) perceived threat to water quality, human health, or ground water from properly used home and garden chemicals.

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