scholarly journals Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in Hudson River water and treated drinking water at Waterford, New York

1983 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Chlorine sensitivity of environmental, distribution system and biofilm coliforms

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sartory ◽  
P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
River Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Coliform bacteria, isolated from treated drinking water supplies, can be derived from a range of sources (e.g. infiltration, breakthrough at the treatment works or from the biofilm established within the pipework). The sensitivity of these bacteria to chlorine may be related to their source and metabolic status. Strains of coliforms were isolated from sewage works effluents, river and reservoir waters as well as from the bulk water and biofilms from distribution systems. These were assayed for sensitivity to free and total chlorine using two assay procedures. For E. coli, the isolates from the distribution system bulk water showed greater resistance to free chlorine than those from sewage effluents and equivalence to those from river waters. For non-E. coli coliforms (mainly strains of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter), those from distribution system biofilms showed the greatest sensitivity to free and total chlorine whilst those from river water had the greatest resistance.

Enumeration of Sulphite-Reducing Clostridia from Potable Water Supplies

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sartory ◽  
A. M. Pritchard ◽  
P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

The enumeration of sulphite-reducing Clostridia from water upon egg yolk-free tryptose-sulphite-cycloserine agar (TSC) was evaluated against the standard UK method of enumeration upon membrane-clostridial agar (MCA), with or without heat treatment of the sample. Using 280 samples of treated drinking water, raw groundwater, river water and sewage effluent, the recoveries of presumptive sulphite-reducing Clostridia were significantly higher on TSC than on MCA (both incubated at .37°C for 48 h), particularly from potable water samples where the system integrity had been breached. Clostridia were isolated from 26 of the 224 groundwater and drinking water samples, on 25 occasions with TSC but on only 3 occasions with MCA. From river water and sewage effluent samples, background growth was higher on TSC. Of 85 isolates from TSC, 92.9% were confirmed as Clostridia, whilst only 56.5% of 23 isolates from MCA confirmed, the remaining being Gram-positive rods and cocci and Gram-negative rods. Heat treatment of samples to 70°C for ten minutes prior to filtration did not affect counts on MCA, but significantly reduced both Clostridia and background counts on TSC. Clostridia isolated from compromised treated water supplies include Cloistridium perfringens, C. bgratii, C. difficile, C. limosum and C. subtgrminale.

Indoor Air Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations in Three Communities Along the Upper Hudson River, New York

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd R. Wilson ◽  
Patrick M. Palmer ◽  
Erin E. Belanger ◽  
Michael R. Cayo ◽  
Lorie A. Durocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Hudson River

scholarly journals “Dehalococcoides” sp. Strain CBDB1 Extensively Dechlorinates the Commercial Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture Aroclor 1260

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 4516-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Adrian ◽  
Vlasta Dudková ◽  
Katařina Demnerová ◽  
Donna L. Bedard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Aroclor 1248 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pcb Dechlorination ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT “Dehalococcoides” sp. strain CBDB1 in pure culture dechlorinates a wide range of PCB congeners with three to eight chlorine substituents. Congener-specific high-resolution gas chromatography revealed that CBDB1 extensively dechlorinated both Aroclor 1248 and Aroclor 1260 after four months of incubation. For example, 16 congeners comprising 67.3% of the total PCBs in Aroclor 1260 were decreased by 64%. We confirmed the dechlorination of 43 different PCB congeners. The most prominent dechlorination products were 2,3′,5-chlorinated biphenyl (25-3-CB) and 24-3-CB from Aroclor 1248 and 235-25-CB, 25-25-CB, 24-25-CB, and 235-236-CB from Aroclor 1260. Strain CBDB1 removed flanked para chlorines from 3,4-, 2,4,5-, and 3,4,5-chlorophenyl rings, primarily para chlorines from 2,3,4,5-chlorophenyl rings, primarily meta chlorines from 2,3,4- and 2,3,4,6-chlorophenyl rings, and either meta or para chlorines from 2,3,4,5,6-chlorophenyl rings. The site of attack on the 2,3,4-chorophenyl ring was heavily influenced by the chlorine configuration on the opposite ring. This dechlorination pattern matches PCB Process H dechlorination, which was previously observed in situ both in the Acushnet Estuary (New Bedford, MA) and in parts of the Hudson River (New York). Accordingly, we propose that Dehalococcoides bacteria similar to CBDB1 are potential agents of Process H PCB dechlorination in the environment. This is the first time that a complex naturally occurring PCB dechlorination pattern has been reproduced in the laboratory using a single bacterial strain.

Effect of habitat use on PCB body burden in Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R Zlokovitz ◽  
David H Secor
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Electron Microanalysis

The Hudson River commercial striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fishery has been closed since 1976 due to high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination. Accurate forecasting of PCB levels in striped bass has been confounded by high variance in contamination among individuals. We investigated the relationship between habitat use and PCB contamination in Hudson River and Long Island Sound striped bass using electron microanalysis of otolith strontium to generate time series of individual salinity habitation. Males with highly contaminated levels (mean PCB = 8.3 ppm) showed freshwater resident behavior, rarely experiencing salinities >5 ppt. Several individuals showed large habitat shifts. Shifts from brackish or marine habitats to freshwater habitats were often associated with high PCB levels. A third pattern was apparent in large females, where polyhaline/euhaline salinity habitation was associated with lower PCB levels. Total PCB body burden was inversely correlated with mean salinity encountered during the most recent growth season prior to capture. Fish with recent exposure to polyhaline salinities showed high variability in PCB body burdens (0.4-9.0 ppm), suggesting a local source of PCB contamination in the New York Harbor region.

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