scholarly journals Cross sections of the Hudson River estuary from Troy to New York City, New York

1980 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Ortiz ◽  
Jorge E. Gonzalez ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Martin Schoonen ◽  
Jeffrey Tongue ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTHeat waves are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency throughout this century because of increasing global temperatures, making it critically important to acquire improved understanding of their genesis and interactions with large cities. This study presents an application of the method of factor separation to assess combined impacts of a synoptic-scale heat wave, urban land cover, and urban energy and momentum fluxes on temperatures and winds over New York City, New York, via use of high-resolution simulations (1-km grid spacing) with an urbanized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Results showed that factors behaved different throughout the day, with synoptic conditions dominating afternoon temperature contributions (>7°C). At night, combined urban surface factors contributed over 5°C during the heat wave and up to 1.5°C on non-heat-wave days. Positive interactions among all factors during morning and nighttime indicate an amplification of the urban heat island of up to 4°C during the heat wave. Midtown Manhattan vertical cross sections, where urban canopies are most dense, showed a change in the sign (from positive to negative) of the contribution of the urban fluxes between night and day below 500 m, possibly as a result of decreased radiative cooling from trapping by buildings and increased thermal storage by buildings as well as frictional effects that oppose the incoming warm air.


Author(s):  
Marc Cutler ◽  
Lance Grenzeback ◽  
Alice Cheng ◽  
Richard Roberts

An investment study sponsored by the New York City Economic Development Corporation with Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 funds evaluated strategies for improving the movement of freight by rail to an 11-county subregion (including New York City) of the New York and northern New Jersey metropolitan area located east of the Hudson River. The major achievements of the process were the use of choice modeling techniques to understand the decision making of shippers and, in combination with other data sources, forecasting the demand for freight infrastructure investments. The methodologies described are applicable to the study of freight transportation investment strategies in many settings. The key finding of the analysis is that a rail freight tunnel would increase rail mode share relative to other alternatives and the so-called No Build case. The subregion east of the Hudson contains two-thirds of the region’s population, but it is at a significant disadvantage in the movement of freight relative to the subregion west of the Hudson. Rail accounts for only 2.8 percent of all the subregion’s shipments, compared to 15 percent within the subregion west of the Hudson. Two limited rail crossings of the Hudson River provide access to New York City and the rest of the east subregion. These conditions affect the level of truck traffic and air pollution within the subregion, the subregion’s overall economic competitiveness, and the viability of its port facilities. To address these concerns, four families of alternatives that could improve cross-harbor rail freight service were analyzed. Discussed is how the market demand for these alternatives was analyzed by linking six distinct methodologies and data sets: ( a) regional economic forecasts, ( b) commodity flow data, ( c) a modal diversion model, ( d) regional port forecasts, ( e) a regional travel demand forecasting model, and ( f) user benefit calculation models.


Author(s):  
Quincy D. Newell

Jane Manning experienced the gift of tongues shortly after her conversion, an event she took as a confirmation of her decision to join the Mormons. The rest of the Manning family appears to have converted to Mormonism after her and, together with white converts from the area, they all left Connecticut for Nauvoo, Illinois, under the direction of LDS missionary Charles Wesley Wandell. The practice of racial segregation on boats and railways meant that for much, if not all, of their journey from Connecticut to New York City and then up the Hudson River and west on the Erie Canal, the black and white members of the group were separated from one another. At some point during the trip, the black members of the group were refused further passage, so the Mannings walked the rest of the way. Jane’s memory of this portion of the journey emphasized God’s providence. When they arrived in Nauvoo, they found a bustling city that was struggling to accommodate newly arrived converts, many of whom were poor and vulnerable to the diseases that plagued the city.


1969 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-681
Author(s):  
Michael J. O'Toole ◽  
Roland P. Kelly ◽  
Jerome O. Stetson

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