Environmental impacts of petroleum production--Initial results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Petroleum Production ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Osage County

Selection of an Offshore Petroleum Production System by Evaluating an Environmental Impact Index

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Moreira Gonçalves ◽  
Celso Kazuyuki Morooka ◽  
Ivan Rizzo Guilherme
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Petroleum Production ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

The development of an offshore petroleum production system corresponds to define a set of equipment to make possible oil and gas extraction from an underwater petroleum reservoir. To better comprehension of the process, definition of this production system can be divided into phases. Phase I corresponds to the selection of number of wells and type of the well. Then, following the previous work (Franco, 2003), in the Phase II, the layout arrangement of wells and the set of the stationary Floating Production Unit (FPU) are selected. And, in the Phase III, storage and offloading alternatives for the produced oil and gas are selected. The present paper aims to identify environmental impacts associated with the each component of an offshore system for oil and gas production, and quantify each of them through indexes. It is expected to support the decision makers to select the best fitted system for a given offshore petroleum field. The increasing needs of petroleum to fulfill the energy matrix demanded in Brazil, the growing concern of the society for keeping the environment clean and the inclusion of an index related to the environment besides the technical and technological indexes usually taken makes it an important contribution to improve the process for selection and decision about the offshore production system. Particularly, it will be fundamental in the adverse condition of the Pre-salt scenario of petroleum production, in ultra-deep water depth and oil and gas with more aggressive contaminants to the system. The proposed methodology follows a similar procedure for the assessment of environmental impacts through the use of environmental sensitivity index (ESI) and the use of impact matrix (NOOA, 1997; Patin, 1999; Mariano and La Rovere, 2006). For the estimation of environmental impacts, it was defined the ESI of the area to be developed, and it was constructed an impact matrix based on the activities involved in the installation of platform, operational phase and decommissioning of a FPU and the elements from environment. Therefore, this systematic and structured approach allowed incorporating to the process of selection of the offshore production system for an oil and gas field the selection of alternative which combines the best technical and technological characteristics with better aspects from the environment.

Circular economy in cities: Reviewing how environmental research aligns with local practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Petit-Boix ◽  
Sina Leipold
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Municipal Level

<p>Circular economy (CE) is gaining popularity at different levels with the promise of creating more sustainable processes. In this context, cities are implementing a number of initiatives that aim to turn them into sustainable circular systems. Whether these initiatives achieve their sustainability goals, however, is largely unknown. Nevertheless, as the application of CE strategies is actively encouraged by many policies across the globe, there is a need to quantify the environmental impacts and to identify the strategies that support urban sustainability. This paper analyses the extent to which research focuses on quantifying the environmental balance of CE initiatives promoted at the municipal level. To this end, the analysis scanned CE initiatives reported in cities around the globe and classified them into urban targets and CE strategies. In parallel, the paper conducted a review of the literature that uses industrial ecology tools to account for the environmental impacts of CE strategies. Results show a diverse geographical representation, as reported cities concentrated in Europe, whereas for environmental research, the main results came from China. In general, cities encourage strategies relating to urban infrastructure (47%), with and additional focus on social consumption aspects, such as repair and reuse actions. In comparison, research mainly addressed industrial and business practices (58%), but the approach to infrastructure was similar to that of cities, both with a special interest in waste management. Research has yet to assess social consumption and urban planning strategies, the latter essential for defining the impacts of other urban elements. Hence, there is a need to define the environmental impacts of the strategies that cities select in their quest for circularity. Research and practice can also benefit from working collaboratively so as to prioritize the CE strategies that best fit into the features of each urban area.</p>

Joël Noilhan (1953-2010), une carrière scientifique consacrée à la micrométéorologie et à l'hydrologie

2020 ◽  
pp. 026
Author(s):  
Philippe Bougeault ◽  
Jean-Claude André
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Operational Models ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Initial Results

Cet article décrit la riche mais trop brève carrière scientifique de Joël Noilhan. Après une première expérience en micrométéorologie, Joël Noilhan fut recruté par Météo-France pour valoriser les mesures de la campagne Hapex-Mobilhy dans les modèles numériques de prévision et de climat. Ces premiers résultats l'amenèrent à définir un programme de recherche ambitieux en hydrologie, qui a fédéré et inspire encore une partie des acteurs français de cette science. Plusieurs modèles de prévision et produits opérationnels de Météo-France bénéficient aujourd'hui de ces avancées. Tant par ses qualités humaines que par la profondeur de sa vision scientifique, Joël Noilhan a eu une influence considérable sur la recherche en environnement. This paper describes the rich but too short scientific career of Joël Noilhan. After a start in micrometeorology, he was hired by Météo-France to insure that observations acquired during the Hapex-Mobilhy field campaign would serve to improve numerical models of weather and climate. Initial results led him to design an ambitious research programme in hydrology, which attracted and still inspires many French actors of this science. Several operational models and products of Météo-France still benef it today from these developments. Due to his human qualities and his deep science insight, Joël Noilhan exerted a considerable influence on environmental research.

Electron Probe Analysis of Vertebrate Smooth Muscle: Distribution of Ca and Ci

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A.P. Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Probe Analysis ◽  
High K ◽  
Low K ◽  
Initial Results

This is a preliminary report of electron probe analysis of rabbit portal-anterior mesenteric vein (PAMV) smooth muscle cryosectioned without fixation or cryoprotection. The instrumentation and method of electron probe quantitation used (1) and our initial results with cardiac (2) and skeletal (3) muscle have been presented elsewhere.In preparations depolarized with high K (K2SO4) solution, significant calcium peaks were detected over the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Fig 1 and 2) and the continuous perinuclear space. In some of the fibers there were also significant (up to 200 mM/kg dry wt) calcium peaks over the mitochondria. However, in smooth muscle that was not depolarized, high mitochondrial Ca was found in fibers that also contained elevated Na and low K (Fig 3). Therefore, the possibility that these Ca-loaded mitochondria are indicative of cell damage remains to be ruled out.

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