scholarly journals Selected data from field studies of pesticide runoff to surface waters

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pesticide Runoff

The use of Runoff and Surface Water Transport and Fate Models in the Pesticide Registration Process

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Zubkoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Chemical Application

In support of the registration and reregistration processes under FIFRA ‘88, numerical models are used to estimate the dissolved runoff and soil erosion loadings of pesticides to surface waters and the subsequent fate and transport of pesticides in the receiving waters. Uses for simulations include:1. Helping to determine whether additional studies on the fate and distribution of a candidate chemical in the environment and/or ecological effects may be needed when full chemical characterization is incomplete.2. Helping to more fully integrate data submissions of laboratory and field observations.3. Estimating probable fate and distribution of an agrochemical after a severe runoff event.4. Comparing alternative chemical application rates and methods for the same chemical/soil/crop/environmental combinations.5. Comparing different soil/crop/environmental combinations representing different geographical areas with the same chemical.6. Evaluating preliminary designs of proposed field studies.7. Gaining insight into the environmental fate of modern chemicals that are applied at 1 to 2% of the rates of older chemicals when sampling designs and analytical methods are not available.The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) commonly employs the SWRRB (45, 46) and PRZM (8, 9) models for runoff and EXAMS II (5), a fate and transport model, for surface waters. These three models are used in conjunction with appropriate databases for soils, chemical properties, and meteorological and other environmental parameters. Registrants are encouraged to clearly state assumptions, identify values for parameters by citation, report results of simulations with summary tables and graphics, and interpret their results in relation to current scientific disciplines.

Pesticides Report 34. Pesticide Runoff: Methods and Interpretation of Field Studies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Wauchope ◽  
R. L. Graney ◽  
S. Cryer ◽  
C. Eadsforth ◽  
A. W. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Pesticide Runoff

Pesticides report 34. Pesticide runoff: Methods and interpretation of field studies (Technical Report)

1995 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2089-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Wauchope ◽  
R. L. Graney ◽  
S. Cryer ◽  
C. V. Eadsforth ◽  
A. W. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Pesticide Runoff

scholarly journals Direct contribution of phytoplankton-sized particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dall'Olmo ◽  
T. K. Westberry ◽  
M. J. Behrenfeld ◽  
E. Boss ◽  
W. H. Slade
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Inherent Optical Properties ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beam Attenuation Coefficient

Abstract. Light scattering properties of oceanic particles have been suggested as an alternative index of phytoplankton biomass than chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), with the benefit of being less sensitive to physiological forcings (e.g., light and nutrients) that alter the intracellular pigment concentrations. The drawback of particulate scattering is that it is not unique to phytoplankton. Nevertheless, field studies have demonstrated that, to first order, the particulate beam-attenuation coefficient (cp) can track phytoplankton abundance. The relationship between cp and the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), a property retrievable from space, has not been fully evaluated, largely due to a lack of open-ocean field observations. Here, we present extensive data on inherent optical properties from the Equatorial Pacific surface waters and demonstrate a remarkable coherence in bbp and cp. Coincident measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs) and optical properties of size-fractionated samples indicate that this covariance is due to both the conserved nature of the PSD and a greater contribution of phytoplankton-sized particles to bbp than theoretically predicted. These findings suggest that satellite-derived bbp could provide similar information on phytoplankton biomass in the open ocean as cp.

scholarly journals Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne roślinności obszarów zalewowych strefy Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne roślinności obszarów zalewowych strefy ujścia rzeki Warty do zbiornika Jeziorsko = Spatial differentiation in floodplain vegetation as exemplified by the Warta’s inflow into Jeziorsko Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Maria Wojterska ◽  
Halina Ratyńska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation

The aim of our work to describe the plant cover in the area of the river Warta’s inflow and discharge into the Reservoir. To the above end, field studies were conducted along 6 transects (10 m wide and 513 to 2416 m long, depending on the influence of surface waters) intended to reveal abrasive, accumulative and stabilised impacts of water. Różnorodność roślinności i dynamika procesów sukcesyjnych związanych z aktywnością wód powierzchniowych wskazuje na potrzebę dla ochrony prawnej nie tylko ptaków, ale także siedlisk. Obszar ten dobrze ilustruje zjawiska związane z działalnością dużej rzeki, z różnorodnością roślinności kolejno seria tego rodzaju, której nie można już znaleźć pod tamą Reservoir.

scholarly journals Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 5964-5969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Westrich ◽  
Alina M. Ebling ◽  
William M. Landing ◽  
Jessica L. Joyner ◽  
Keri M. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
Nutrient Influx

Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to nutrient influx, yet Vibrio response to environmental pulses of Fe remains uncharacterized. Here we examined the population growth of Vibrio after natural and simulated pulses of atmospherically transported Saharan dust, an important and episodic source of Fe to tropical marine waters. As a model for opportunistic bacterial heterotrophs, we demonstrated that Vibrio proliferate in response to a broad range of dust-Fe additions at rapid timescales. Within 24 h of exposure, strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus were able to directly use Saharan dust–Fe to support rapid growth. These findings were also confirmed with in situ field studies; arrival of Saharan dust in the Caribbean and subtropical Atlantic coincided with high levels of dissolved Fe, followed by up to a 30-fold increase of culturable Vibrio over background levels within 24 h. The relative abundance of Vibrio increased from ∼1 to ∼20% of the total microbial community. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to describe Vibrio response to Saharan dust nutrients, having implications at the intersection of marine ecology, Fe biogeochemistry, and both human and environmental health.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
James S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

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