Characterization of stormwater at selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yard and section shed facilities in Ballentine, Conway, and North Charleston, South Carolina, 2010-2012

Species of Pythium cause root and stem rot in cucurbits, but no formal surveys have been conducted in the United States to identify which species are responsible. The cucurbit hosts bottle gourd, cucumber, Hubbard squash, and watermelon were transplanted in May, July, September, and November into sentinel plots in four and five different fields in 2017 and 2018, respectively, in South Carolina. Eight of the nine fields were replanted in March 2019. Isolates (600) were collected and identified by sequencing DNA of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I region. The four most common species were P. spinosum (45.6% of all isolates), P. myriotylum (20.0%), P. irregulare (15.3%), and P. aphanidermatum (12.8%). P. myriotylum and P. aphanidermatum were predominantly isolated in May, July, and September, whereas P. spinosum and P. irregulare were predominantly isolated in November and March. Isolates of P. ultimum, P. irregulare, and P. spinosum were more virulent than isolates of P. myriotylum and P. aphanidermatum at 25°C. Representative isolates were screened in vitro for sensitivity to three fungicides: mefenoxam, propamocarb, and oxathiapiprolin. All isolates were sensitive to mefenoxam and propamocarb, but these same isolates were insensitive to oxathiapiprolin, except those classified taxonomically in Pythium clade I.

Download Full-text

A large salmonellosis outbreak associated with a frequently penalized restaurant

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800050652 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. P. Luby ◽

J. L. Jones ◽

J. M. Horan

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Health Department ◽

Local Health Department ◽

Local Health ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Department Of Health ◽

South Carolina Department ◽

Offensive Odour

SUMMARYBetween January and June 1990, Restaurant A in Greenville, South Carolina repeatedly failed local health department inspection and was repeatedly sanctioned. In September 1990, two persons, hospitalized with salmonellosis after attending a convention catered by Restaurant A, contacted the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. We inspected Restaurant A, interviewed food handlers, and surveyed by telephone persons from every sixth business attending the convention. Of 398 persons interviewed, 135 (34%) reported gastroenteritis. Nine had culture-confirmed salmonella infection. People who ate turkey were 4.6 times more likely to become ill than those who did not eat turkey (95% confidence interval 2.0, 10.6). We estimate that of 2430 attendees, 824 became ill. Sanitarians judged Restaurant A's kitchen too small to prepare over 500 meals safely. The cooked turkey was unrefrigerated for several hours, incompletely rewarmed, and rinsed with water to reduce its offensive odour prior to serving. Stronger sanctions may be needed against restaurants that repeatedly fail local health department inspection.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Leaf Spot Pathogens from Several Spinach Production Areas in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-19-2450-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (7) ◽

pp. 1994-2004

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Larry Stein ◽

Kimberly Cochran ◽

Lindsey J. du Toit ◽

Chunda Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

The United States ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Agar Media ◽

Production Areas

Leaf spot diseases have become a major concern in spinach production in the United States. Determining the causal agents of leaf spots on spinach, their prevalence and pathogenicity, and fungicide efficacy against these pathogens is vital for effective disease management. Spinach leaves with leaf spots were collected from Texas, California, Arizona, and South Carolina from 2016 to 2018, incubated in a moist chamber, and plated on potato dextrose and tryptic soy agar media. Fungal and bacterial colonies recovered were identified based on morphology and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA and 16S rRNA, respectively. Two predominant genera were isolated: (i) Colletotrichum spp., which were identified to species based on sequences of both introns of the glutamate synthetase (GS-I) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh-I) genes; and (ii) Stemphylium spp., identified to species based on sequences of the gapdh and calmodulin (cmdA) genes. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spinaciae) and Stemphylium leaf spot (Stemphylium vesicarium and S. beticola) were the predominant diseases. Additional fungi recovered at very limited frequencies that were also pathogenic to spinach included Colletotrichum coccodes, C. truncatum, Cercospora beticola, and Myrothecium verrucaria. All of the bacterial isolates were not pathogenic on spinach. Pathogenicity tests showed that C. spinaciae, S. vesicarium, and S. beticola caused significant leaf damage. The fungicides Bravo WeatherStik (chlorothalonil), Dithane F-45 (mancozeb), Cabrio (pyraclostrobin), and Merivon (fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin) were highly effective at reducing leaf spot severity caused by an isolate of each of C. spinaciae and S. vesicarium, when inoculated individually and in combination.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic and Demographic Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth (Ages 6-15) With ADHD in South Carolina

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054713506746 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 554-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samuel L. Soltis ◽

Janice Probst ◽

Sudha Xirasagar ◽

Amy B. Martin ◽

Bradley H. Smith

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Urban Youth ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnosis Codes ◽

South Carolina Department ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Youth With Adhd

Objective: Analyze diagnostic and demographic factors to identify predictors of delinquency resulting in incarceration within a group of children/adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Method: The study followed a cohort of 15,472 Medicaid covered children/adolescents with ADHD, ages 6 to 15 inclusive, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev. [ DSM-IV-TR]), 2000 Codes were used for qualifying diagnosis codes. Available demographic characteristics included race, sex, and residence. The outcome was incarceration at the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice during 2005-2006. Results: Among youth with ADHD, incarceration was more likely among black, male, and urban youth. Children/adolescents with comorbid ODD and/or CD were at greater risk compared with those with ADHD alone. Conclusion: Within ADHD-diagnosed youth, comorbid conditions and demographic characteristics increase the risk of incarceration. Intervention and treatment strategies that address behavior among youth with these characteristics are needed to reduce incarceration.

Download Full-text

Optimization of a Suite of Microsatellite Markers for Nocomis leptocephalus (Bluehead Chub) and Genetic Characterization of Two Populations in South Carolina

Southeastern Naturalist ◽

10.1656/058.019.0202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth L. Cushman ◽

Kimberly L. Kanapeckas Métris ◽

Yoichiro Kanno ◽

Kasey C. Pregler ◽

Brandon K. Peoples ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Nocomis Leptocephalus ◽

Two Populations

Download Full-text