Abstract
The water channeling and excess water production led to the decreasing formation energy in the oilfield. Therefore, the combined flooding with dispersed particle gel (DPG) and surfactant was conducted for conformance control and enhanced oil recovery in a high temperature (100-110°C) high salinity (>2.1×105mg/L) channel reservoir of block X in Tahe oilfield.
This paper reports the experimental results and pilot test for the combined flooding in a well group of Block X. In the experiment part, the interfacial tension, emulsifying capacity of the surfactant and the particle size during aging of DPG were measured, then, the conformance control and enhanced oil recovery performance of the combined flooding was evaluated by core flooding experiment. In the pilot test, the geological backgrounds and developing history of the block was introduced. Then, an integrated study of EOR and conformance control performance in the block X are analyzed by real-time monitoring and performance after treatment. In addition, the well selection criteria and flooding optimization were clarified.
In this combined flooding, DPG is applied as in-depth conformance control agent to increase the sweep efficiency, and surfactant solution slug following is used for improve the displacement efficiency. The long term stability of DPG for 15 days ensures the efficiency of in-depth conformance control and its size can increase from its original 0.543μm to 35.5μm after aging for 7 days in the 2.17×105mg/L reservoir water and at 110°C. In the optimization, it is found that 0.35% NAC-1+ 0.25% NAC-2 surfactant solution with interfacial tension 3.2×10-2mN/m can form a relatively stable emulsion easily with the dehydrated crude oil. In the double core flooding, the conformance control performance is confirmed by the diversion of fluid after combined flooding and EOR increases by 21.3%. After exploitation of Block X for 14 years, the fast decreasing formation energy due to lack of large bottom water and water fingering resulted in a decreasing production rate and increasing watercut. After combined flooding in Y well group with 1 injector and 3 producers, the average dynamic liquid level, daily production, and tracing agent breakthrough time increased, while the watercut and infectivity index decreased. The distribution rate of injected fluid and real-time monitoring also assured the conformance control performance. The oil production of this well group was increased by over 3000 tons.
Upon this throughout study of combined flooding from experiment to case study, adjusting the heterogeneity by DPG combined with increasing displacement efficiency of surfactant enhanced the oil recovery synergistically in this high salinity high temperature reservoir. The criteria for the selection and performance of combined flooding also provides practical experiences and principles for combined flooding.
Design and Performance of an Enhanced Bioremediation Pilot Test in a Tidal Wetland Seep, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland