scholarly journals Geohydrology and potential for upward movement of saline water in the Cocoa well field, East Orange County, Florida

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Phelps ◽  
D.M. Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Orange County ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Well Field

scholarly journals Self-watering Container Design and Salinity Affect Growth of Two Foliage Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Sandra Borgardt
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Shoot To Root Ratio

Abstract Dracaena marginata L. and Spathiphyllum Schott. ‘Mona Loa’ were grown for 90 days in either one of two ‘self-watering’ containers, one plastic and one kiln-fired clay. The plastic container relied on the upward movement of water via capillary flow from a subjacent reservoir. The kiln-fired clay container was a ‘pot-within-a pot’ design with an adjacent water reservoir located between the larger and smaller pots. Water seeped horizontally through the inner pot along the pot-rooting medium interface. Reservoirs of each container were filled with either one of three levels of saline water (0.3, 1.3, or 2.3 dS/m). Rooting medium leachate electrical conductivity was lower for ‘pot-within-a-pot’ containers compared with the plastic containers. Irrespective of irrigation salinity, canopy leaf area, root length, shoot to root ratio, gas exchange values, and foliar visual quality of both species were highest for the ‘pot-within-a-pot’ containers. Also, Dracaena leaf area and dry weights were highest for the ‘pot-within-a-pot’ container. Increased irrigation salinity decreased canopy area and visual quality of Spathiphyllum. Shoot dry weight and shoot to root ratio were highest for Dracaena at the 1.3 dS/m salinity level.

Evidence of discharging saline formation water to the Athabasca River in the oil sands mining region, northern Alberta

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Gibson ◽  
J. Fennell ◽  
S.J. Birks ◽  
Y. Yi ◽  
M.C. Moncur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Extraction Area ◽  
Athabasca River ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Saline Formation

This paper summarizes various lines of evidence, including new geophysical and geochemical surveys indicating the discharge of naturally occurring saline formation water from Cretaceous and Devonian formations to the Athabasca River downstream of Fort McMurray — an active oil sands extraction area. The following features are indicative of saline water discharge: (i) the hydrogeological setting of the reach which is situated near the western, up-dip, and subcropping, edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin; (ii) springs and seepage along area rivers and tributaries that have been observed and reported in previous studies; and (iii) a significant increase in dissolved solids in the river, particularly chloride, occurring in a downstream direction from Fort McMurray. Further evidence of the saline groundwater discharge was obtained from electromagnetic surveys conducted along a 125 km reach from the Clearwater River to the Firebag River. This technique was used to map the distribution of saline water in the riverbed hyporheic zone, and revealed broad zones of generally high terrain electrical conductivity values in deeply incised Cretaceous- and Devonian-aged subcrop areas, but with numerous point-source and lineal anomalies attributed to occurrence of saline water discharge in less incised areas. Porewater sampling using drive-point piezometers was then used to confirm the presence of saline water in selected zones. Depth-wise gradients in chemical parameters observed in the riverbed porewaters in these zones are interpreted as evidence of upward movement of saline formation water mixing with the Athabasca River. Geochemical properties of the porewater are consistent with natural sources of groundwater flow from the Cretaceous- and Devonian-aged formations discharging along various reaches of the river.

scholarly journals Temporal Variability in the Quality of Produced Water from Wells Tapping the Ozark Aquifer of Southeast Kansas

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
P. Allen Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Mixing Curves

State and local agencies have become concerned that the available water supply from the Ozark aquifer in the Tri-state region of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma may become unusable or require additional water treatment because of deteriorating quality resulting from overdevelopment. Many southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas water supplies withdraw water from a 30-60-mi (48-96-km)-wide transition zone in the Ozark aquifer that separates calcium, magnesium-bicarbonate ground water with low dissolved solids to the east from sodium-chloride brines to the west. Water-quality deterioration within the transition zone could potentially come about as a result of eastward migration or upward movement from deeper horizons of saline water. This study assessed variability in the quality of water produced from wells within the transition zone in southeast Kansas across a variety of time scales. Water samples were collected monthly from nine wells located in the transition zone over a two-year period and frequently during two 50+ hr chemical-quality pumping tests of Pittsburg well 8. The samples were analyzed for conductance and pH, and all major and selected minor dissolved inorganic constituents. Mixing curves of chloride versus bicarbonate/chloride ratio and chloride versus sodium/chloride ratio demonstrate that the produced water from Ozark aquifer wells is a mixture of low dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium-bicarbonate ground waters and sodium-chloride brines. Produced water from wells tapping sources in the Ozark and the overlying Springfield Plateau aquifers is a blend of waters from these sources, although the data suggest that the contribution from the Springfield is small relative to the Ozark aquifer. Fluctuations in the quality of the produced water during pumping most likely result from complex mixing of waters of differing quality from different parts of the Ozark aquifer within the well bore. This is borne out by bicarbonate/chloride ratio versus chloride concentration mixing curves and the dissolved constituent ratios indicative of bicarbonate and sodium in excess of that required to balance calcium + magnesium and chloride, respectively. Comparison of the 1979-1980 data with the 2006-08 data from this project indicates that the chloride concentration in some of the sampled supplies has increased. Based on extrapolation of the maximum estimated rate of chloride concentration increase, the earliest that water from Pittsburg wells 8 and 10 would exceed the recommended drinking water limit for chloride is estimated to be by the years 2045 and 2060, respectively, assuming continuation of the present rates of pumping.

Leaching of salts as affected by the method of water application and atmospheric evaporativity under shallow and saline water-table conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Minhas ◽  
B. K. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

SummaryField studies on leaching a highly saline sandy loam soil having a shallow groundwater table showed that application of 150 mm water in two equal parts at 10 days interval had no distinct advantage over a single application of the whole amount. On the contrary, the surface-accumulated salts were displaced to a lesser extent and the salt peak remained at a shallower depth under split application, particularly during periods of high atmospheric evaporativity when the leached salts tended to move upward between successive water applications. A soil mulch created by shallow tillage reduced evaporation losses and curtailed upward movement of salts, resulting in nearly 10% increase in leaching efficiency. Significantly a small quantity of water (0·41 cm leaching water per unit soil depth) sufficed for 70% chloride removal, indicating that under the prevailing conditions a larger fraction of the pores contributed to the leaching process. A compact layer, having a bulk density of 1·69 g/cm3, at the soil surface, also appeared to be related to the higher leaching efficiency by maintaining a preponderance of unsaturated flow.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document