scholarly journals U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Horowitz ◽  
C.R. Demas ◽  
K.K. Fitzgerald ◽  
T.L. Miller ◽  
D.A. Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Inorganic Constituents ◽  
Survey Protocol ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Highly collinear three-way photoinduced spectrofluorimetric data arrays modelled with bilinear least-squares: Determination of tetracyclines in surface water samples

Talanta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Santiago Valverde ◽  
M. Dolores Gil García ◽  
M. Martínez Galera ◽  
Héctor C. Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory validation of a thin film microextraction technique for determination of pesticides in surface water samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Piri-Moghadam ◽  
Emanuela Gionfriddo ◽  
Angel Rodriguez-Lafuente ◽  
Jonathan J. Grandy ◽  
Heather L. Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids with Gas Chromatography: Optimization of Derivatization Approaches and Method Validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Hongwei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The reliable quantification of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in environmental samples like surface water by using gas chromatography (GC) remains challenging because the polar PFCAs call for derivatization before injection and problems involving the integration of sample pretreatment and derivatization procedures. Here we proposed a cost-effective method for the GC based determination of C4–C12 PFCAs in surface water samples by integrating solid phase extraction and PFCAs anilide derivatization. First, we assessed the performance of different PFCAs derivatization methods, namely esterification and amidation. Esterification was unable to derivatize C4–C6 PFCAs. On the contrary, amidation procedures by using 2,4-difluoroaniline (DFA) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) could successfully transform all the PFCA analogs to produce anilide derivatives, which could be easily detected by GC. Then the reaction conditions in the amidation approach were further optimized by using orthogonal design experiments. After optimizing the instrumental parameters of GC, the limits of detection (LOD) of this derivatization method were determined to be 1.14–6.32 μg L−1. Finally, in order to establish an intact method for the quantification of PFCAs in surface water samples, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for extraction and cleanup, which was further integrated with the subsequent amidation process. The SPE-amidation-GC method was validated for application, with good accuracy and precision reflected by the PFCAs recoveries and derivatization of triplicates. The method reported here could provide a promising and cost-effective alternative for the simultaneous determination of C4–C12 PFCAs in environmental water samples.

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