Design and validation of an onsite atmospheric-water-vapor sampling system to obtain samples for hydrogen-and oxygen-isotope analysis

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Claassen ◽  
Douglas R. Halm
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Vapor Sampling

scholarly journals Development of Rapid Sampling System of Atmospheric Water Vapor for Tritium Measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 3405064-3405064
Author(s):  
Naofumi AKATA ◽  
Hideki KAKIUCHI ◽  
Masahiro TANAKA ◽  
Nagayoshi SHIMA ◽  
Yoshitaka SHIROMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Rapid Sampling

scholarly journals Profiling of atmospheric water vapor with MIR and LASE

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Wang ◽  
P. Racette ◽  
M.E. Triesky ◽  
E.V. Browell ◽  
S. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water

scholarly journals New Gridded Product for the Total Columnar Atmospheric Water Vapor over Ocean Surface Constructed from Microwave Radiometer Satellite Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2402
Author(s):  
Weifu Sun ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yuheng Li ◽  
Junmin Meng ◽  
Yujia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Fusion Product ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Better Than

Based on the optimal interpolation (OI) algorithm, a daily fusion product of high-resolution global ocean columnar atmospheric water vapor with a resolution of 0.25° was generated in this study from multisource remote sensing observations. The product covers the period from 2003 to 2018, and the data represent a fusion of microwave radiometer observations, including those from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS), WindSat, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System sensor (AMSR-E), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), and HY-2A microwave radiometer (MR). The accuracy of this water vapor fusion product was validated using radiosonde water vapor observations. The comparative results show that the overall mean deviation (Bias) is smaller than 0.6 mm; the root mean square error (RMSE) and standard deviation (SD) are better than 3 mm, and the mean absolute deviation (MAD) and correlation coefficient (R) are better than 2 mm and 0.98, respectively.

scholarly journals ARIS-Campaign: intercomparison of three ground based 22 GHz radiometers for middle atmospheric water vapor at the Zugspitze in winter 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1979-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Straub ◽  
A. Murk ◽  
N. Kämpfer ◽  
S. H. W. Golchert ◽  
G. Hochschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Noise Temperature ◽  
Rotational Transition ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Transition Line ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
University Of Bern

Abstract. This paper presents the Alpine Radiometer Intercomparison at the Schneefernerhaus (ARIS), which took place in winter 2009 at the high altitude station at the Zugspitze, Germany (47.42° N, 10.98° E, 2650 m). This campaign was the first direct intercomparison between three new ground based 22 GHz water vapor radiometers for middle atmospheric profiling with the following instruments participating: MIRA 5 (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), cWASPAM3 (Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau) and MIAWARA-C (Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern). Even though the three radiometers all measure middle atmospheric water vapor using the same rotational transition line and similar fundamental set-ups, there are major differences between the front ends, the back ends, the calibration concepts and the profile retrieval. The spectrum comparison shows that all three radiometers measure spectra without severe baseline artifacts and that the measurements are in good general agreement. The measurement noise shows good agreement to the values theoretically expected from the radiometer noise formula. At the same time the comparison of the noise levels shows that there is room for instrumental and calibration improvement, emphasizing the importance of low elevation angles for the observation, a low receiver noise temperature and an efficient calibration scheme. The comparisons of the retrieved profiles show that the agreement between the profiles of MIAWARA-C and cWASPAM3 with the ones of MLS is better than 0.3 ppmv (6%) at all altitudes. MIRA 5 has a dry bias of approximately 0.5 ppm (8%) below 0.1 hPa with respect to all other instruments. The profiles of cWASPAM3 and MIAWARA-C could not be directly compared because the vertical region of overlap was too small. The comparison of the time series at different altitude levels show a similar evolution of the H2O volume mixing ratio (VMR) for the ground based instruments as well as the space borne sensor MLS.

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in middle-atmospheric water vapor by ground-based microwave radiometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 6877-6886 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scheiben ◽  
A. Schanz ◽  
B. Tschanz ◽  
N. Kämpfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract. In this paper, we compare the diurnal variations in middle-atmospheric water vapor as measured by two ground-based microwave radiometers in the Alpine region near Bern, Switzerland. The observational data set is also compared to data from the chemistry–climate model WACCM. Due to the small diurnal variations of usually less than 1%, averages over extended time periods are required. Therefore, two time periods of five months each, December to April and June to October, were taken for the comparison. The diurnal variations from the observational data agree well with each other in amplitude and phase. The linear correlation coefficients range from 0.8 in the upper stratosphere to 0.5 in the upper mesosphere. The observed diurnal variability is significant at all pressure levels within the sensitivity of the instruments. Comparing our observations with WACCM, we find that the agreement of the phase of the diurnal cycle between observations and model is better from December to April than from June to October. The amplitudes of the diurnal variations for both time periods increase with altitude in WACCM, but remain approximately constant at 0.05 ppm in the observations. The WACCM data are used to separate the processes that lead to diurnal variations in middle-atmospheric water vapor above Bern. The dominating processes were found to be meridional advection below 0.1 hPa, vertical advection between 0.1 and 0.02 hPa and (photo-)chemistry above 0.02 hPa. The contribution of zonal advection is small. The highest diurnal variations in water vapor as seen in the WACCM data are found in the mesopause region during the time period from June to October with diurnal amplitudes of 0.2 ppm (approximately 5% in relative units).

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