Membrane-micelle model for humus in soils and sediments and its relation to humification

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wershaw
Keyword(s):  
Soils And Sediments

DARAMEND bioremediation for the treatment of PAH impacted soils and sediments

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
A. Seech ◽  
D. Raymond ◽  
J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Soils And Sediments

scholarly journals Synthesis of short-range ordered aluminosilicates at ambient conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina R. Lenhardt ◽  
Hergen Breitzke ◽  
Gerd Buntkowsky ◽  
Erik Reimhult ◽  
Max Willinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Submicron Scale ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

AbstractWe report here on structure-related aggregation effects of short-range ordered aluminosilicates (SROAS) that have to be considered in the development of synthesis protocols and may be relevant for the properties of SROAS in the environment. We synthesized SROAS of variable composition by neutralizing aqueous aluminium chloride with sodium orthosilicate at ambient temperature and pressure. We determined elemental composition, visualized morphology by microscopic techniques, and resolved mineral structure by solid-state 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrogen sorption revealed substantial surface loss of Al-rich SROAS that resembled proto-imogolite formed in soils and sediments due to aggregation upon freezing. The effect was less pronounced in Si-rich SROAS, indicating a structure-dependent effect on spatial arrangement of mass at the submicron scale. Cryomilling efficiently fractured aggregates but did not change the magnitude of specific surface area. Since accessibility of surface functional groups is a prerequisite for sequestration of substances, elucidating physical and chemical processes of aggregation as a function of composition and crystallinity may improve our understanding of the reactivity of SROAS in the environment.

scholarly journals Remediation of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments using biochar: a critical review

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Huan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochar Amendment

AbstractThe transformation of mercury (Hg) into the more toxic and bioaccumulative form methylmercury (MeHg) in soils and sediments can lead to the biomagnification of MeHg through the food chain, which poses ecological and health risks. In the last decade, biochar application, an in situ remediation technique, has been shown to be effective in mitigating the risks from Hg in soils and sediments. However, uncertainties associated with biochar use and its underlying mechanisms remain. Here, we summarize recent studies on the effects and advantages of biochar amendment related to Hg biogeochemistry and its bioavailability in soils and sediments and systematically analyze the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for reductions in Hg bioaccumulation. The existing literature indicates (1) that biochar application decreases the mobility of inorganic Hg in soils and sediments and (2) that biochar can reduce the bioavailability of MeHg and its accumulation in crops but has a complex effect on net MeHg production. In this review, two main mechanisms, a direct mechanism (e.g., Hg-biochar binding) and an indirect mechanism (e.g., biochar-impacted sulfur cycling and thus Hg-soil binding), that explain the reduction in Hg bioavailability by biochar amendment based on the interactions among biochar, soil and Hg under redox conditions are highlighted. Furthermore, the existing problems with the use of biochar to treat Hg-contaminated soils and sediments, such as the appropriate dose and the long-term effectiveness of biochar, are discussed. Further research involving laboratory tests and field applications is necessary to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the role of biochar in reducing Hg bioavailability in diverse soil types under varying redox conditions and to develop completely green and sustainable biochar-based functional materials for mitigating Hg-related health risks.

scholarly journals Determination of veterinary pharmaceutical runoffs from a swine manure pile using LC–MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Kyu Park ◽  
Joo-Yeon Oh ◽  
Sung-Eun Lee ◽  
Sung-Deuk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Sample Site ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Contamination Routes

Abstract The mass usage of veterinary pharmaceuticals in farms has contributed to environmental pollution in vicinity waters, soils, and sediments from farms and composting facilities. In the present study, we investigated the usage of four antibiotics (viz., lincomycin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) to understand their contamination routes from livestock manure piles. Residual levels of these antibiotics in a nearby reservoir were set as a positive control (Site 1), and a swine manure pile in a farm (Site 2) and a soil sample around the manure pile (Site 3) were selected for this study. Artificial rainwater was flowed into the manure sample (Site 2), the soil sample around the manure pile (Site 3), and a soil sample around the vicinity river (Site 4). A stream sample (Site 5) around the manure pile and river water near the manure pile (Site 6) were also collected. For qualitative and quantitative analyses, analytical validation was performed, and all the four antibiotics were detected at Site 1 in the concentration range of 0.03–1.6 µg/L. Lincomycin was the antibiotic with the highest detection level. At Site 2, the detection level of all antibiotics remained at 0.3–17.3 µg/L, and their residual amounts were continuously detected in subsequent samples with approximately 30-fold decrease. The migration of antibiotics was confirmed to be independent of pH value. Therefore, this study indicates that farm manure pile should be thoroughly managed for antibiotic contamination in vicinity areas with periodical monitoring, especially waterways.

Quantification of activated carbon contents in soils and sediments using chemothermal and wet oxidation methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 3465-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel C. Brändli ◽  
Anders Bergsli ◽  
Upal Ghosh ◽  
Thomas Hartnik ◽  
Gijs D. Breedveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Soils And Sediments

Thin Section Preparation of Soils and Sediments.

Soil Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN McSWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Soils And Sediments

The determination of selenium in soils and sediments with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine

The Analyst ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 90 (1073) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Stanton ◽  
Alison J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Soils And Sediments
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