scholarly journals Methods for collection and processing of surface-water and bed- material samples for physical and chemical analyses

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Ward ◽  
C.A. Harr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Status of Surface Water from Selected Areas of Coastal Guyana and the Removal of Toxic Contaminants, using a Suitable Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was done, to compare the status of surface water taken from two different locations within the coastal areas of Guyana, before and after treatment with a peanut biomass adsorbent. The water samples were collected from Parika Bushy Park and Vreed En Hoop and stored in water bottles. It was then submitted for physical and chemical analyses using versatile standard methods. These include test for heavy metals cations (Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Al), test for anions (chlorides, sulphates, phosphates) along with the physical parameters (turbidity and conductivity). There was no detection for the toxic lead and cadmium cations at either surface water. The adsorbent was effective in removing Fe<sup>2+</sup> at both surface water as there was a decrease in concentration. For example, at Vreed En Hoop surface water, the concentration of Fe<sup>2+</sup> decrease from (8.42 ± 2.14 mg/L) to (5.56± 3.42 mg/L), 33.96% reduction, after treatment with the adsorbent. For the Al<sup>3+</sup> cation, there was a decrease in the concentration of Al<sup>3+</sup> from (5.97 ± 0.67mg/L) to (4.20 ± 1.90 mg/L ), 29.65%. For the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> and Cl- anions, there was a decrease in concentration at the Vreed En Hoop surface water, after treatment with the adsorbent. With SO42-, the concentration decrease from 346 ± 3.15 mg/L to 293 ± 1.77 mg/L, 15.31%, whilst that for chloride, Cl-, decrease from 116 ± 1.75 mg/L to 102 ± 1.70 mg/L, 12.07% reduction. Thus, the peanut shell should find application in the removal of selective cations and anions from surface water.

Use of Ashes from Biomass Combustion as an Aggregate for Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
V.A.S. Schein ◽  
G. Conte ◽  
Marilena Valadares Folgueras ◽  
L.V.O. Dalla Valentina ◽  
M.R. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Biomass Ashes

This paper discusses an environmentally-friendly destination for the residual ashes resulting from the firing of biomass (wood wastes) at the Engie Brasil Cogeneration Power Plant located in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study proposes reusing the residue as a substitution for crushed stones in the production of concrete. Environmental, physical, and chemical analyses were performed for characterization of the ashes. Specimens prepared with ash and subjected to testing presented a compressive strength of around 18.63 Mpa (2700 psi), which is in compliance with the ACI-213R and ASTM C330-5 specifications. With pretreatment and proper mixing ratios, biomass ashes may be employed as an aggregate in the manufacture of lightweight structural concrete.

scholarly journals Predicting regional recovery from acidification; the MAGIC model applied to Scotland, England and Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Evans ◽  
A. Jenkins ◽  
R. C. Helliwell ◽  
R. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Surface Water Acidification ◽  
Magic Model ◽  
Recovery From Acidification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. A dynamic, process-based model of surface water acidification, MAGIC, has been applied to over a thousand sites across the UK. The model is calibrated to surface water samples collected during a survey for the Critical Loads programme, and utilises the best available and consistent estimates of soil physical and chemical properties, rainfall and runoff volumes, and deposition chemistry. A total of 698 sites were calibrated successfully. At these sites, surface water chemistry was reconstructed from 1850 to the present day, and forecast to 2050 based on future decreases in sulphur (S) deposition in response to the Second S Protocol. Model outputs capture distinct regional patterns of acidification and recovery. the most acidic present-day conditions are found in acid-sensitive regions of Northern England (the Pennines, Lake District and North York Moors). Although a significant proportion of sites in these areas failed to calibrate, those that did are predicted to have experienced severe historic decreases in acidic neutralising capacity (ANC) in response to high levels of acidic deposition. The model also indicates significant acidification in the moderate deposition areas of Wales and Galloway, whereas in the low deposition region of northern Scotland, acidification has been minor even in areas of acid-sensitive geology. ANC is forecast to recover at virtually all sites, with the greatest recovery predicted for areas currently subject to high deposition. The model indicates that the Second S Protocol, however, will not be sufficient to produce full recovery, with average ANC increases to 2050 counteracting just 27% of the simulated decline from 1850 to present day. Acidic conditions (ANC < 0) are predicted to persist until 2050 at a significant number of sites in Northern England, Wales and Galloway.

Invited Article: Physical and chemical analyses of impregnated cathodes operated in a plasma environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 111301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Sengupta ◽  
James Kulleck ◽  
Norm Hill ◽  
Wayne Ohlinger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Plasma Environment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soot as an Indicator in Fire Investigations: Physical and Chemical Analyses

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 13675J ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Pinorini ◽  
Christopher James Lennard ◽  
Pierre Margot ◽  
Isabelle Dustin ◽  
Patrick Furrer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals The Extraction of Essential Oil from Piper Cubeba by Using Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Norma Eralita ◽  
Siti Khuzaimah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This research aims to study the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) method. Before extraction, the raw materials are prepared in the form of grains and powders to vary the size of the raw materials. Time variation was carried out at microwave power 180 Watt Analyses were then performed on the resulting essential oil using both physical and chemical tests of density and solubility with 96% alcohol. Analyses of chemical compounds within the essential oil were then performed using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the SFME method was affected by microwave power, grain size, and treatment duration. Results from physical and chemical analyses revealed that the resulting cubeb oil has 0.86 g/mL density, which means that essential oil produced using the SFME method is lighter compared than those produced using MAHD methods. Results from GC-MS analyses showed eight components detected from the production of essential oil from Piper cubeba using the SFMEmethod; Copaene (39.28%), Cubebene (23.83%), Isoledene (11.66%), Naphthalene (6.65%), Phellandrene (5.81%), Asarone (5.71%), Cadidene (4.90%), and Caryophyllene (2.16%) which contents belong to the sesquiterpene group

scholarly journals Um panorama das propriedades físicas e químicas de substratos utilizados em horticultura no sul do Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Schafer ◽  
Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The cultivation in greenhouse and containers culminated with the necessity to use substrates with formulations as well as distinguished chemical and physical characteristics, the last ones assuming a key role in cultivation of horticultural plants. The aim of this study is to present results of physical and chemical analyses of substrates forwarded to an commercial laboratory (Laboratório de Substratos para Plantas - UFRGS) for the last three years, aiming to establishing a panorama of the substrates area and comparing them with reference values cited in the literature. In this period were performed 307 physical and 479 chemical analyses, which were the basis for this study. Physical analyses performed were the density in dry basis and the water retention curve (total porosity, air space, available water and remaining water). Chemical analyses were the electrical conductivity (EC) and the pH. The main results concerning physical characteristics, demonstrate that the substrates present wide range of density in dry basis and may be used for different sized containers; however most substrates analyzed is out of ideal range for the other physical characteristics of the substrate. For the chemical characteristic the substrates in cultivation in southern Brazil are mostly alkaline and the electrical conductivity of the substrates in cultivation is very diverse, with considerable number of samples above the recommended.

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