Tabulation of meteorological variables and concentrations of helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen in soil gases collected regularly from a site at Reston, Virginia, for one year

This paper describes a theoretical device called a Petroleum Synthesizer, which absorbs the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into a synthetic petroleum fuel. The device has four parts: First, a CO2 Scrubber using sodium carbonate reversibly absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Simultaneously, a Hydrogen Generator separates water electrolytically to produce hydrogen (H2). Third, a Carbon Monoxide Generator mixes the H2 and the CO2 over a nickel catalyst, changing the constituents into carbon monoxide (CO) and water. Finally, the CO and additional H2 are combined in a cobalt-catalyst Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Processor to produce gaseous and liquid petroleum products. Calculations show that one watt of electricity supplied for one year would allow the Synthesizer to create 0.420 kg of petroleum products, and absorb 1.314 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. An acre of solar voltaic panels powering Synthesizers could produce 46,000 kg, or about 14,000 gallons, of petroleum products per acre per year, and absorb 140,000 kg of CO2. By contrast, an acre of corn produces less than 400 gallons of ethanol per year.

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Investigating Effects of Landfill Soil Gases on Landfill Elevated Subsurface Temperature

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6401

Author(s):

Samain Sabrin ◽

Rouzbeh Nazari ◽

Md Golam Rabbani Fahad ◽

Maryam Karimi ◽

Jess W. Everett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

The United States ◽

Subsurface Temperature ◽

Significance Level ◽

Fire Hazards ◽

Exothermic Reactions ◽

The Us ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Soil Gases

Subsurface temperature is a critical indicator for the identification of the risk associated with subsurface fire hazards in landfills. Most operational landfills in the United States (US) have experienced exothermic reactions in their subsurface. The subsurface landfill area is composed of various gases generated from chemical reactions inside the landfills. Federal laws in the US mandate the monitoring of gases in landfills to prevent hazardous events such as landfill fire breakouts. There are insufficient investigations conducted to identify the causes of landfill fire hazards. The objective of this research is to develop a methodological approach to this issue. In this study, the relationship was investigated between the subsurface elevated temperature (SET) and soil gases (i.e., methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) with the greatest influence in landfills. The significance level of the effect of soil gases on the SET was assessed using a decision tree approach. A naïve Bayes technique for conditional probability was implemented to investigate how different gas combinations can affect different temperature ranges with respect to the safe and unsafe states of these gases. The results indicate that methane and carbon dioxide gases are strongly associated with SETs. Among sixteen possible gas combinations, three were identified as the most probable predictors of SETs. A three-step risk assessment framework is proposed to identify the risk of landfill fire incidents. The key findings of this research could be beneficial to landfill authorities and better ensure the safety of the community health and environment.

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Flux of methane release and carbon dioxide sequestration at Winterhouse Canyon, Gros Morne, Newfoundland, Canada: a site of continental serpentinization

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjes-2016-0123 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liam S. Morrissey ◽

Penny L. Morrill

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Time Horizon ◽

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Gas Fluxes ◽

Global Impacts ◽

A Site ◽

The Impact ◽

Net Global Warming Potential

We measured CO2, CH4, and N2O gas fluxes from a pool of ultra-basic water discharging from serpentinized rock in Winterhouse Canyon, Gros Morne, Newfoundland. The flux of CH4 released and CO2 sequestered were calculated to be 4.6 × 10−7 and 1.9 × 10−5 mol/(m2·min), respectively, whereas N2O concentrations showed little change. The net radiative forcing owing to the changing concentrations of CO2 and CH4 during the sampling period was –0.21, suggesting that the ultra-basic pool in Winterhouse Canyon has a net cooling effect on the atmosphere. Similarly, the net global warming potential over a time horizon of 100 years was –7, also suggesting a small cooling of the atmosphere. Overall this study was the first to consider the impact of CO2 sequestration and CH4 emissions from an ultra-basic pool above serpentinized rock and demonstrated the need for more research on the net global impacts of serpentinization.

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LOCAL CORROSION ENVIRONMENT AROUND CROSS SECTION OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2017.167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kazuto Maruyama ◽

Seiya Kamasaki ◽

Keiji Tajima ◽

Toshihiko Aso

Keyword(s):

Bottom Flange ◽

Steel Bridge ◽

Corrosive Environment ◽

Water Leakage ◽

Exposure Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Girder Bridge ◽

One Year ◽

A Site ◽

Plate Girder

Corrosion is one of important factor for securing the safety of steel bridges. In general cases, the corrosive environment of the steel bridge is evaluated as a site environment. However, even in one bridge, the corrosive environment greatly varies from part to part. This research aims to clarify the difference of corrosion environment for each part of plate-girder-bridge which has three main girders. At this bridge, anti-freezing agent is sprayed in winter. On site measurements were performed on five points on each girder, which are both sides of web, both sides of upper/lower part of bottom flange. These measurements points include two points where water leakage is scattered. Temperature, humidity, amount of airborne salt and amount of adhering salt have been measured. In order to comprehensively assess corrosive condition, exposure test was also performed. Observations were carried out for one year. From measurement results, it became clear that temperature and humidity were not uniform at all observation points. These were differed at the inside and outside of girder and upper part and lower part of web. Amount of airborne salt to each girder is strongly influenced by anti-freezing agent. On the upper surface of the lower flange of each girder, there are places where corrosion markedly progresses due to deposits and water leakage.

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INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE DEPENDENCE OF THE HILL REACTION

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b65-014 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Norman E. Good

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quantum Theory ◽

Hill Reaction ◽

Oxygen Production ◽

Quantum Mechanism ◽

Photosynthetic Oxygen ◽

The One ◽

A Site ◽

The Hill ◽

Isolated Chloroplasts

Heretofore Warburg's one-quantum theory of photosynthesis has seemed inconsistent with the existence of the Hill reaction. The one-quantum theory states that massive oxygen uptake and CO2 release are preconditions of photosynthetic oxygen production, yet isolated chloroplasts produce oxygen at high rates apparently without consuming any oxygen or producing any CO2. Warburg has attempted to resolve the dilemma by pointing out a CO2 dependence of the Hill reaction. On the basis of this observation he proposed a reinterpretation of the Hill reaction which is consistent with the one-quantum theory. The effect of CO2 on isolated chloroplasts has been confirmed and some of the conditions which are necessary for the demonstration of the effect have been defined. It is not clear if CO2 is actually metabolized as Warburg claims. Contrary to Warburg's model, its participation seems to be at a site remote from the photochemical act. A number of other reasons for doubting the reality of the one-quantum mechanism are presented.

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