Index maps for large-scale vertical black and white aerial photographs of the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and Imperial Faults, California

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

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Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9870135 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RB Hacker

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Grazing Pressure ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Small Scale ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

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Relief influence on the spatial distribution of the Atlantic Forest cover on the Ibiúna Plateau, SP

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842007000300004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 403-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

WG. Silva ◽

JP. Metzger ◽

S. Simões ◽

C Simonetti

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Environmental Gradients ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

General Distribution ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Slope Orientation

Several studies suggest that, on a large scale, relief conditions influence the Atlantic Forest cover. The aim of this work was to explore these relationships on a local scale, in Caucaia do Alto, on the Ibiúna Plateau. Within an area of about 78 km², the distribution of forest cover, divided into two successional stages, was associated with relief attribute data (slope, slope orientation and altitude). The mapping of the vegetation was based on the interpretation of stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs, from April 2000, on a scale of 1:10,000, while the relief attributes were obtained by geoprocessing from digitalized topographic maps on a scale of 1:10,000. Statistical analyses, based on qui-square tests, revealed that there was a more extensive forest cover, irrespective of the successional stage, in steeper areas (>10 degrees) located at higher altitudes (>923 m), but no influence of the slope orientation. There was no sign of direct influence of relief on the forest cover through environmental gradients that might have contributed to the forest regeneration. Likewise, there was no evidence that these results could have been influenced by the distance from roads or urban areas or with respect to permanent preservation areas. Relief seems to influence the forest cover indirectly, since agricultural land use is preferably made in flatter and lower areas. These results suggest a general distribution pattern of the forest remnants, independent of the scale of study, on which relief indirectly has a strong influence, since it determines human occupation.

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Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia

Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva ◽

10.2298/gsgd2101031l ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 31-47

Author(s):

Marko Langovic ◽

Slavoljub Dragicevic ◽

Ivan Novkovic ◽

Nenad Zivkovic ◽

Radislav Tosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Large Scale ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Arable Land ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Lateral Migration ◽

Channel Migration ◽

Riverbank Erosion

Riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Juzna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection.

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ESTIMATION OF DAMAGED AREAS DUE TO THE 2010 CHILE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI USING SAR IMAGERY OF ALOS/PALSAR

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsannals-iii-8-35-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol III-8 ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Pertiwi Jaya Ni Made ◽

Fusanori Miura ◽

A. Besse Rimba

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

Aster Gdem ◽

Tsunami Damage ◽

Before And After ◽

Chile Earthquake ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Sar Imagery ◽

Inundation Map

A large-scale earthquake and tsunami affect thousands of people and cause serious damages worldwide every year. Quick observation of the disaster damage is extremely important for planning effective rescue operations. In the past, acquiring damage information was limited to only field surveys or using aerial photographs. In the last decade, space-borne images were used in many disaster researches, such as tsunami damage detection. In this study, SAR data of ALOS/PALSAR satellite images were used to estimate tsunami damage in the form of inundation areas in Talcahuano, the area near the epicentre of the 2010 Chile earthquake. The image processing consisted of three stages, i.e. pre-processing, analysis processing, and post-processing. It was conducted using multi-temporal images before and after the disaster. In the analysis processing, inundation areas were extracted through the masking processing. It consisted of water masking using a high-resolution optical image of ALOS/AVNIR-2 and elevation masking which built upon the inundation height using DEM image of ASTER-GDEM. The area result was 8.77 Km<sup>2</sup>. It showed a good result and corresponded to the inundation map of Talcahuano. Future study in another area is needed in order to strengthen the estimation processing method.

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Possibilities of the Use of Aerial Photographs in the Protection of Agricultural Soil Fund

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie1990095020087 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Zdeněk Lipský

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soil ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Black And White ◽

Soil Wetting

The author considers two main processes showing a negative influence on the quality and use of agricultural soils, namely water erosion and wetting. The paper treats of general advantages of aerial photographs. Practical examples are presented of direct and indirect interpretation of erosion phenomena and soil wetting by means of black-and-white, multispectral and infrared aerial photographs. In the conclusion, the main spheres of the problem of the soil fund protection are dealt with. Most of these problems could be solved by the application of aerial photographs.

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Commemorating the Ancestors, Performances of Death at the Tucson All Souls Procession

Focus on World Festivals ◽

10.23912/978-1-910158-55-5-3006 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Bowditch

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Safety Net ◽

Clear Distinction ◽

Black And White ◽

Day Of The Dead ◽

White Face ◽

Visual Landscape ◽

The Dead ◽

Dense Crowd

At dusk close to 100,000 people clad in black and white face paint and hand-made costumes emerge from all directions marching along a two-mile procession route from Hotel Congress in Tucson, Arizona to the finale site carrying puppets, banners, effigies, floats and posters with photographs of the dead of all shapes and sizes. Crowds of people line the streets; however unlike the Macy’s Day Thanksgiving Parade and other official processions, there are no street barriers separating those marching in the procession and those observing; the lines are porous and blurred. Participants move fluidly in and out of the procession between spectating and marching: dancing, drumming and walking. There is no clear distinction between sidewalk and street; between official performers and spectators—everyone is a participant. There is a somber sense of excitement and anticipation. A large-scale sculptural urn assisted by guardians from the performance troupe Flam Chen weaves through the dense crowd collecting hand-written prayers and offerings from passersby. Day of the Dead motifs of black and white skeletons, flowers, and masks dominate the visual landscape mixed with a fusion of hybrid imagery that evokes death, memory and celebration. Suspended weightlessly above a crowd of fire-lit faces, a figure moves gracefully without a safety net, wrapping her body in aerial silks tethered to helium balloon clusters. Stilted figures in ornate hand-constructed costumes twirl fire to the thundering beating drum. Costumed figures scale the metal tower with torches to light the large paper mache urn, which is filled with the prayers of the entire community. Flames lick up the sides of the urn transforming it into a ball of raging fire; the crowd cheers as they watch their prayers ascend into the darkness. This ritual burning of the urn signifies the culminating act of the Tucson All Souls’ Procession. Flam Chen, pyrotechnic performance troupe from Tucson and Many Mouths One Stomach, the organizers of the event, stage a fire aerial performance followed by the symbolic burning of the urn filled with the community’s prayers and wishes.

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