First-approximation reduction of gravity data with the aid of a programmable pocket calculator

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred P. Hasbrouck
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alan Boneau
Keyword(s):  

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Haslinghuis-Bajan ◽  
L. Hooft ◽  
A. van Lingen ◽  
M. van Tulder ◽  
W. Devillé ◽  
...  

SummaryAim: While FDG full ring PET (FRPET) has been gradually accepted in oncology, the role of the cheaper gamma camera based alternatives (GCPET) is less clear. Since technology is evolving rapidly, “tracker trials” would be most helpful to provide a first approximation of the relative merits of these alternatives. As difference in scanner sensitivity is the key variable, head-to-head comparison with FRPET is an attractive study design. This systematic review summarises such studies. Methods: Nine studies were identified until July 1, 2000. Two observers assessed the methodological quality (Cochrane criteria), and extracted data. Results: The studies comprised a variety of tumours and indications. The reported GC- and FRPET agreement for detection of malignant lesions ranged from 55 to 100%, but with methodological limitations (blinding, standardisation, limited patient spectrum). Mean lesion diameter was 2.9 cm (SD 1.8), with only about 20% <1.5 cm. The 3 studies with the highest quality reported concordances of 74-79%, for the studied lesion spectrum. Contrast at GCPET was lower than that of FRPET, contrast and detection agreement were positively related. Logistic regression analysis suggested that pre-test indicators might be used to predict FRPET-GCPET concordance. Conclusion: In spite of methodological limitations, “first generation” GCPET devices detected sufficient FRPET positive lesions to allow prospective evaluation in clinical situations where the impact of FRPET is not confined to detection of small lesions (<1.5 cm). The efficiency of head-to-head comparative studies would benefit from application in a clinically relevant patient spectrum, with proper blinding and standardisation of acquisition procedures.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Calkin ◽  
Alan A. Ager ◽  
Julie Gilbertson-Day

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Sikora ◽  
V.E. Langenheim ◽  
Shawn Biehler ◽  
L.A. Beyer ◽  
R.H. Chapman
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in course times of a mountainmarathon (Napfmarathon) versus a city Marathon. Therefore all participants of Napfmarathon were screened concerning a double participation on a city marathon (Zürich, Winterthur, Lausanne, Luzern) and the course time were compared. Of key interest was the influence of ascents and descents which were quantified according to ­guidelines of Youth & Sport (Jugend + Sport / Jeunesse et Sport), whereby in first approximation 100 meter of ascent, 150 meter of descent (more than 20%) and 1 km of horizontal distance were taken as a simallar performance correlat. For the identified double starter different average times per km resulted. For the city marathon with an average time of 4 min 52 sec and for the Napfmarathon with 4 min 28 sec. If speed per km was calculated only with ascent and horizontal distances having performance relevance an average time of 4 min 56 sec per km was identified. This effect seems to be independet from distance absolved, resulting for Halbmarathon on an average time of distance of 4 min 13 sec, for Napfmarathon of 4 min 4 sec and for the performance concept only with ascent an average time per km of 4 min 16 sec. These analysis reveal, that if only ascent is taxed average course times differ less than 5 sec for both distances. For these particular reasons we recommend for running events to calculate only based on ascent and horizontal distances making necessary adjustments based on length of course, steepness of ascent and descent, character of terain (middle-country, pre-alps, alpes) for accurate estimation of course times.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wessel ◽  
◽  
Michael T. Chandler ◽  
Brian Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth Benyshek
Keyword(s):  

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