Diurnal effects on the helium concentration in soil-gas and near-surface atmosphere

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Michael Reimer ◽  
Alan A. Roberts ◽  
E.H. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Gas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Helium Concentration ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

Variations of the electric field and current in the near-surface atmosphere during magnetic storms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Riabova ◽  
Yaroslav O. Romanovsky ◽  
Alexander A. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

scholarly journals The composition of Europa's near-surface atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S251) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Author(s):  
Mau C. Wong ◽  
Tim Cassidy ◽  
Robert E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Jovian Magnetosphere ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Geophysical Phenomenon ◽  
Inorganic Species

AbstractThe presence of an undersurface ocean renders Europa as one of the few planetary bodies in our Solar System that has been conjectured to have possibly harbored life. Some of the organic and inorganic species present in the ocean underneath are expected to transport upwards through the relatively thin ice crust and manifest themselves as impurities of the water ice surface. For this reason, together with its unique dynamic atmosphere and geological features, Europa has attracted strong scientific interests in past decades.Europa is imbedded inside the Jovian magnetosphere, and, therefore, is constantly subjected to the immerse surrounding radiations, similar to the other three Galilean satellites. The magnetosphere-atmosphere-surface interactions form a complex system that provides a multitude of interesting geophysical phenomenon that is unique in the Solar System. The atmosphere of Europa is thought to have created by, mostly, charged particles sputtering of surface materials. Consequently, the study of Europa's atmosphere can be used as a tool to infer the surface composition. In this paper, we will discuss our recent model studies of Europa's near-surface atmosphere. In particular, the abundances and distributions of the dominant O2 and H2O species, and of other organic and inorganic minor species will be addressed.

scholarly journals Ozone and Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Near-Surface Atmosphere above the Baikal Natural Territory

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
O. I. Khuriganova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Obolkin ◽  
V. L. Potemkin ◽  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Natural Territory

Black Carbon in the Near-Surface Atmosphere Far Away from Emission Sources: Comparison of Measurements and MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
T. B. Zhuravleva ◽  
A. V. Artyushina ◽  
A. A. Vinogradova ◽  
Yu. V. Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

On the Question of Calculating the Parameters of Vortices in the Near-Surface Atmosphere of Mars

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Izvekova ◽  
S. I. Popel’ ◽  
O. Ya. Izvekov
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere

High genetic diversity and variability of microbial communities in near-surface atmosphere of Crete island, Greece

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Paraskevi N. Polymenakou ◽  
Manolis Mandalakis ◽  
Michalis Macheras ◽  
Anastasis Oulas ◽  
Jon Bent Kristoffersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Crete Island

scholarly journals Effects of shrub and tree cover increase on the near-surface atmosphere in northern Fennoscandia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 4209-4227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne H. Rydsaa ◽  
Frode Stordal ◽  
Anders Bryn ◽  
Lena M. Tallaksen
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Atmospheric Response ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Northern Fennoscandia

Abstract. Increased shrub and tree cover in high latitudes is a widely observed response to climate change that can lead to positive feedbacks to the regional climate. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity of the near-surface atmosphere to a potential increase in shrub and tree cover in the northern Fennoscandia region. We have applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Noah-UA land surface module in evaluating biophysical effects of increased shrub cover on the near-surface atmosphere at a fine resolution (5.4 km  ×  5.4 km). Perturbation experiments are performed in which we prescribe a gradual increase in taller vegetation in the alpine shrub and tree cover according to empirically established bioclimatic zones within the study region. We focus on the spring and summer atmospheric response. To evaluate the sensitivity of the atmospheric response to inter-annual variability in climate, simulations were conducted for two contrasting years, one warm and one cold. We find that shrub and tree cover increase leads to a general increase in near-surface temperatures, with the highest influence seen during the snowmelt season and a more moderate effect during summer. We find that the warming effect is stronger in taller vegetation types, with more complex canopies leading to decreases in the surface albedo. Counteracting effects include increased evapotranspiration, which can lead to increased cloud cover, precipitation, and snow cover. We find that the strength of the atmospheric feedback is sensitive to snow cover variations and to a lesser extent to summer temperatures. Our results show that the positive feedback to high-latitude warming induced by increased shrub and tree cover is a robust feature across inter-annual differences in meteorological conditions and will likely play an important role in land–atmosphere feedback processes in the future.

Near-Surface Monitoring of Large-Volume CO2 Injection at Cranfield: Early Field Test of SECARB Phase III

SPE Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbing Yang ◽  
Katherine Romanak ◽  
Susan Hovorka ◽  
Robert M. Holt ◽  
Jeff Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Co2 Leakage ◽  
Gas Monitoring ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Monitoring ◽  
Gas Component

Summary An early field project of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) was conducted in Cranfield oil field, western Mississippi. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was injected into coarse-grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa formation, forming a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. CO2 injection started in July 2008, increasing to 23 wells (as of May 2011), with total injection rates greater than 1 million tons/yr. Focused monitoring programs of the deep subsurface and near surface have been implemented in different study areas. Here we present results of the near-surface monitoring program over a 3-year period, including shallow groundwater monitoring and soil-gas monitoring. A general methodology of detecting CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater chemistry is proposed. A set of geochemical indicator parameters was identified on the basis of the characterization of groundwater geochemistry, and these were further tested and validated using numerical modeling approaches, laboratory experiments, and field experiments. For soil-gas monitoring, a site (P-site) containing a plugged and abandoned well, a nearby open pit, and an engineered pad (representing a typical industrial near-surface environment for soil-gas monitoring) was selected for detailed study. The site was heavily instrumented with various sensors for measuring soil-gas concentrations at different depths, soil-water content, matric potential, and weather information. Three monitoring technologies were assessed: soil CO2 concentration measurements, CO2 flux measurements on the land surface, and multiple soil-gas component measurements. Results indicate that soil-gas-component measurements provide reliable information for gas-leakage detection. Methodologies of near-surface monitoring developed in this study can be used to improve CO2-leakage monitoring at other CO2 sequestration projects. This early field project was funded by the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, as part of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) program. SECARB is led by the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB).

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