Composition of the sediment on the insular shelf and upper slope of southwestern and south-central Puerto Rico

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
L. E. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South Central ◽  
Insular Shelf ◽  
Upper Slope

scholarly journals Rapid observations of ocean dynamics and stratification along a steep island coast during Hurricane María

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabf1552
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Cheriton ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Kurt J. Rosenberger ◽  
Clark E. Sherman ◽  
Wilford E. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Water Column ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Hurricane Intensity ◽  
Island Coast ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Insular Shelf

Hurricanes are extreme storms that affect coastal communities, but the linkages between hurricane forcing and ocean dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we present full water column observations at unprecedented resolution from the southwest Puerto Rico insular shelf and slope during Hurricane María, representing a rare set of high-frequency, subsurface, oceanographic observations collected along an island margin during a hurricane. The shelf geometry and orientation relative to the storm acted to stabilize and strengthen stratification. This maintained elevated sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) throughout the storm and led to an estimated 65% greater potential hurricane intensity contribution at this site before eye passage. Coastal cooling did not occur until 11 hours after the eye passage. Our findings present a new framework for how hurricane interaction with insular island margins may generate baroclinic processes that maintain elevated SSTs, thus potentially providing increased energy for the storm.

Geochemistry and sedimentology of shelf and upper slope sediments of the south-central Black Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 227 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Duman ◽  
Şükriye Duman ◽  
Timothy W. Lyons ◽  
Mert Avcı ◽  
Erol İzdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central ◽  
Upper Slope

scholarly journals First Report of Squash vein yellowing virus Affecting Watermelon and Bitter Gourd in Puerto Rico

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1516-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Acevedo ◽  
J. C. V. Rodrigues ◽  
C. E. de Jensen ◽  
C. G. Webster ◽  
S. Adkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
First Report ◽  
South Central ◽  
Yellowing Virus

In 2005, symptoms of watermelon vine decline (WVD) were observed on a 200-acre watermelon farm in Santa Isabel, on the south central coast of Puerto Rico. WVD symptoms included leaf curling, mosaics, and internode necrosis. In early growth stages of WVD, reduced vigor and plant stunting occurred. At flowering, symptoms progressed to necrosis and wilting of vines. A 2006 to 2007 survey demonstrated that fungal pathogens were not associated with the presence of WVD symptoms (3,4). By 2006, other watermelon fields were also affected. Field trials in 2007 and 2008 with insect-proof cages and insecticides suggested a role of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) in the transmission of a virus (3,4). Here, we report that watermelon and pumpkin plants were successfully infected in Puerto Rico by mechanical inoculation and through B. tabaci transmission assays, similarly to transmissions previously conducted in Florida with Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) (1). In addition, plants of Cucurbita moschata exhibited vein clearing symptoms typical of SqVYV after mechanical inoculation with extracts from watermelon plants with WVD symptoms. In 2011, eight watermelon samples from plants exhibiting WVD syndrome were collected in Guánica, Santa Isabel, Juana Díaz, and Mayagüez, and two Momordica charantia samples were collected from Mayagüez. RNA was extracted from all 10 original samples, as well as from plants that were used in mechanical and vector transmission assays, using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California), and all samples were found positive for SqVYV by reverse transcription-PCR, using previously described primers and methods (1,2). In all cases, a single ~1-kb PCR fragment was revealed, and PCR fragments from four samples were selected for direct sequencing. All sequences showed high levels (>99%) of nucleotide identity with SqVYV sequences from Florida (JF897989, JF897985, and JF897984). Sequences of the SqVYV CP gene from Puerto Rico were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KC713961 to KC713964. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SqVYV in Puerto Rico associated with WVD syndrome in cucurbits, and thus has implications for management of viral diseases of watermelon in the Caribbean. This is also the first detection of SqVYV outside of the continental United States in both watermelon and a wild species, M. charantia (bitter gourd). References: (1) S. Adkins et al. Phytopathology 97:145, 2007. (2) S. Adkins et al. Plant Dis. 92:1119, 2008. (3) C. Estévez de Jensen et al. Phytopathology 98:S52, 2008. (4) L. Polanco-Florián. El marchitamiento súbito de la sandía [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum & Nakai]. M.S. thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR, 2009.

scholarly journals Phosphorus status of soils from the poultry zone in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Martínez ◽  
Luis Olivieri ◽  
José A. Castro ◽  
Oscar Muñiz-Torres ◽  
José L. Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
South Central ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
The Impact

The poultry industry is the economic backbone of the south central region of Puerto Rico. However, as in other poultry production regions in the U.S., concern has risen regarding its potentially damaging impact on the environment. Eutrophication of rivers and lakes, induced by excessive nutrient runoff, has forced regulatory agencies to closely evaluate manure disposal practices. Thus, the need is critical for environmentally sound management practices in poultry producing areas. The impact of years of manure applications on the nutritional status of soils was ascertained by evaluating a number of samples from nine poultry farms of Puerto Rico. The farms were selected among those with the highest bird populations. Sixty-seven percent of the samples analyzed contained phosphorus levels (Olsen) in excess of what is considered adequate to support crop growth. Fifty-six percent of these exceeded levels considered by some states as critical for water quality purposes. Measured levels ranged from undetectable values up to 900 mg/kg P.  A diagnostic tool known as the P index was used in an effort to identify areas of concern. According to this criterion, all farms studied had zones where nutrient runoff could threaten the quality of the surrounding water bodies.

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