Investigation of in situ physical properties of surface and subsurface site materials by engineering geophysical techniques-Annual Report, fiscal year 1965

Frazil particles, ice crystals or slushy granules that form in turbulent water, change the freezing properties of ice to create “frazil ice”. To understand the microstructural characteristics of these particles and the physical properties of frazil ice in greater depth, an in situ sampler was designed to collect frazil particles in the Yellow River. The ice crystal microstructural characteristics of the frazil particles (morphology, size, air bubble, and sediment) were observed under a microscope, and their nucleation mechanism was analyzed according to its microstructure. The physical properties of frazil ice (ice crystal microstructure, air bubble, ice density, and sediment content) were also observed. The results showed that these microstructures of frazil particles can be divided into four types: granular, dendritic, needle-like, and serrated. The size of the measured frazil particles ranged from 0.1 to 25 mm. Compared with columnar ice, the crystal microstructure of frazil ice is irregular, with a mean crystal diameter less than 5 mm extending in all directions. The crystal grain size and ice density of frazil ice are smaller than columnar ice, but the bubble and sediment content are larger.

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Impact of ripening on the physical properties of mango purees and application of simultaneous rheometry and in situ FTIR spectroscopy for rapid identification of biochemical and rheological changes

Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 300 ◽

pp. 110507

Author(s):

Paola Labaky ◽

Layal Dahdouh ◽

Julien Ricci ◽

Christelle Wisniewski ◽

Dominique Pallet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

In Situ Ftir ◽

In Situ Ftir Spectroscopy

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The use of geophysical prospecting for imaging active faults in the Roer Graben, Belgium

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1444925 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 78-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Donat Demanet ◽

François Renardy ◽

Kris Vanneste ◽

Denis Jongmans ◽

Thierry Camelbeeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Fault Zone ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Depth Range ◽

Electrical Tomography ◽

Reflection Seismic ◽

Refraction Seismic ◽

Geophysical Surveys ◽

Geophysical Techniques

As part of a paleoseismological investigation along the Bree fault scarp (western border of the Roer Graben), various geophysical methods [electrical profiling, electromagnetic (EM) profiling, refraction seismic tests, electrical tomography, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), and high‐resolution reflection seismic profiles] were used to locate and image an active fault zone in a depth range between a few decimeters to a few tens of meters. These geophysical investigations, in parallel with geomorphological and geological analyses, helped in the decision to locate trench excavations exposing the fault surfaces. The results could then be checked with the observations in four trenches excavated across the scarp. Geophysical methods pointed out anomalies at all sites of the fault position. The contrast of physical properties (electrical resistivity and permittivity, seismic velocity) observed between the two fault blocks is a result of a differences in the lithology of the juxtaposed soil layers and of a change in the water table depth across the fault. Extremely fast techniques like electrical and EM profiling or seismic refraction profiles localized the fault position within an accuracy of a few meters. In a second step, more detailed methods (electrical tomography and GPR) more precisely imaged the fault zone and revealed some structures that were observed in the trenches. Finally, one high‐resolution reflection seismic profile imaged the displacement of the fault at depths as large as 120 m and filled the gap between classical seismic reflection profiles and the shallow geophysical techniques. Like all geophysical surveys, the quality of the data is strongly dependent on the geologic environment and on the contrast of the physical properties between the juxtaposed formations. The combined use of various geophysical techniques is thus recommended for fault mapping, particularly for a preliminary investigation when the geological context is poorly defined.

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