A preliminary report of the geology and ground-water resources of Upper Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Campus, with the area of 167.4 Ha, is located within Surabaya coastal region in the eastern part of Java Island. It has initial characteristic with wetlands and swamps ecosystem. As a science and technological university, with the main acitivities in teaching, experimental laboratory works, and student activities, ITS is, currently, using ± 49% of its total vast area as building blocks for supporting academic facilities. Being a campus in a coastal zone, the commonly main problems are high porous soil, brackish surface water, high level of ground water, an obstructed drainage tendency because of delicate slant, and low catchment capability. This paper provides an action program on how ITS manage water resources within campus area in order to suppress environmental damage. Many steps had been taken into account for water catchment role, for instance: maintaining the catchment area on the main ITS master plan, planning catchment pond, surface water stabilization by preventing ground water usage, interrupting drainage water flow as being directly discharged into the city drainage system, rain water harvesting, and also designing floating floor for buildings.

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Turkey's Water Resources and Hydropower Potential

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1260/0144-5987.23.1.19 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ayhan Demirbaş ◽

Recep Bakiş

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Ground Water ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Water Reservoirs ◽

Total Potential ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

Different Types

The aim of this paper is to investigate water resources in Turkey. Annual rainfall varies from 220 mm to 2500 mm with an average of 643 mm, which means total volume of 501 km3 and average annual potential of surface water is 186 km3 and 95 km3 of this amount potential can be feasibly developed. Ground water reservoirs are estimated to be around 12 km3. As a result of construction of 700 dams, with different types, purposes and sizes, 140 km3 of water is being stored in the reservoirs. Total hydropower potential of Turkey is annually 433,000 GWh. Almost 50% of the total potential is technically exploitable, and 29% is (122,322 GWh/year) economically exploitable.

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