scholarly journals Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Borja G. Reguero ◽  
Aaron D. Cole ◽  
Erik Lowe ◽  
James B. Shope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

scholarly journals The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrario ◽  
Michael W. Beck ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Fiorenza Micheli ◽  
Christine C. Shepard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

scholarly journals Coral Reef Restorations Can Be Optimized to Reduce Coastal Flooding Hazards

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floortje E. Roelvink ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Ap R. van Dongeren ◽  
Stuart G. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Fore Reef ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Flooding Hazards

Coral reefs are effective natural coastal flood barriers that protect adjacent communities. Coral degradation compromises the coastal protection value of reefs while also reducing their other ecosystem services, making them a target for restoration. Here we provide a physics-based evaluation of how coral restoration can reduce coastal flooding for various types of reefs. Wave-driven flooding reduction is greatest for broader, shallower restorations on the upper fore reef and between the middle of the reef flat and the shoreline than for deeper locations on the fore reef or at the reef crest. These results indicate that to increase the coastal hazard risk reduction potential of reef restoration, more physically robust species of coral need to be outplanted to shallower, more energetic locations than more fragile, faster-growing species primarily being grown in coral nurseries. The optimization and quantification of coral reef restoration efforts to reduce coastal flooding may open hazard risk reduction funding for conservation purposes.

Mangroves, Tropical Cyclones, and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 403-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna McIvor ◽  
Thomas Spencer ◽  
Mark Spalding ◽  
Carmen Lacambra ◽  
Iris Möller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

scholarly journals A review of public acceptance of nature-based solutions: The ‘why’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ of success for disaster risk reduction measures

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Anderson ◽  
Fabrice G. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

AbstractNature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as sustainable approaches to address societal challenges. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has benefited by moving away from purely ‘grey’ infrastructure measures towards NbS. However, this shift also furthers an increasing trend of reliance on public acceptance to plan, implement and manage DRR measures. In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures. Based on the review, we introduce the PA-NbS model that highlights the role of risk perception, trust, competing societal interests, and ecosystem services. Efforts to increase acceptance should focus on providing and promoting awareness of benefits combined with effective communication and collaboration. Further research is required to understand interconnections among identified factors and how they can be leveraged for the success and further uptake of NbS.

scholarly journals Metabolic Surgery and Cancer Risk: An Opportunity for Mechanistic Research

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Edward R. Sauter ◽  
Brandy Heckman-Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Cancer Risk Reduction

Metabolic (bariatric) surgery (MBS) is recommended for individuals with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 or those with a BMI 35–40 kg/m2 who have one or more obesity related comorbidities. MBS leads to greater initial and sustained weight loss than nonsurgical weight loss approaches. MBS provides dramatic improvement in metabolic function, associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. While the number of MBS procedures performed in the U.S. and worldwide continues to increase, they are still only performed on one percent of the affected population. MBS also appears to reduce the risk of certain obesity related cancers, although which cancers are favorably impacted vary by study, who benefits most is uncertain, and the mechanism(s) driving this risk reduction are mostly speculative. The goal of this manuscript is to highlight 1) emerging evidence that MBS influences cancer risk, and that the potential benefit appears to vary based on cancer, gender, surgical procedure, and likely other variables; 2) the role of the NIH in MBS research in T2DM and CV risk for many years, and more recently in cancer; and 3) the opportunity for research to understand the mechanism(s) by which MBS influences cancer. There is evidence that women benefit more from MBS than men, that MBS may actually increase the risk of colorectal cancer in both women and men, and there is speculation that the benefit in cancer risk reduction may vary according to which MBS procedure an individual undergoes. Herein, we review what is currently known, the historical role of government, especially the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in driving this research, and provide suggestions that we believe could lead to a better understanding of whether and how MBS impacts cancer risk, which cancers are impacted either favorably or unfavorably, the role of the NIH and other research agencies, and key questions to address that will help us to move the science forward.

The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja G. Reguero ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Ann E. Gibbs ◽  
James B. Shope ◽  
Aaron D. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Reduction

Role of the Breast Clinical Nurse Specialist in bilateral risk reduction mastectomy decision–making

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. S9-S10
Author(s):  
Charlotte Weston ◽  
Sarah Adomah ◽  
Vanda Ribeiro ◽  
Karen Thomas ◽  
Nichola Snuggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Clinical Nurse Specialist ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Clinical Nurse

Source Effects on Psychological Reactance to Regulatory Policies: The Role of Trust and Similarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwanseok Song ◽  
Katherine A. McComas ◽  
Krysten L. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Message Source ◽  
Different Sources

Efforts to communicate risk reduction policies must consider how target audiences will respond to the source of the message. This study investigates how modifying the message source enhances or diminishes psychological reactance against a policy designed to curb a wildlife disease. In an experimental study, we attributed a press release announcing this policy to different sources. We found that the source had an indirect effect on reactance, which subsequently affected attitudes toward the policy and behavioral intentions. Specifically, the more similar and trustworthy participants perceived the source, the less likely the source was to induce freedom threat or reactance.

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