scholarly journals Draft critical mineral list—Summary of methodology and background information—U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Fortier ◽  
Nedal T. Nassar ◽  
Graham W. Lederer ◽  
Jamie Brainard ◽  
Joseph Gambogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Technical Input ◽  
Critical Mineral

scholarly journals Spatial Measurements on USGS Topo Maps

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hartwig Hochmair ◽  
Adam Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Background Information ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Adobe Acrobat ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Universal Transverse Mercator ◽  
Measurement Tools

United States Geological Survey topographic maps provide a variety of geospatial measurement tools thanks to their built-in georeferencing capabilities. Georeferencing facilitates display of geographic coordinates and measurement of distances, perimeters, and areas on PDFs using the measure tools built into Adobe Reader and Adobe Acrobat. This 7-page fact sheet written by Hartwig H. Hochmair and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation explains and showcases the use of these geospatial readout functions. It also provides background information about and assistance with estimating point coordinates on the Universal Transverse Mercator grid cast on USGS topographic maps as an optional layer.

Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hofmann ◽  
Joseph Bolton ◽  
Susan Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Speaking Valve ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Abstract At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.

Searching Online for Methods of Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrich Eriksen ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Thilde Vildekilde
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Abstract. Background: Information on methods of suicide is available online, and access to information on methods of suicide appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides. There is limited documentation of how methods of suicide are being profiled, as well as what content exists in other languages than English. Aim: We aimed to analyze and compare how methods of suicide are profiled on Danish and English-language websites. Method: We applied a categorization and content analysis of websites describing methods of suicide. Sites were retrieved by applying widely used Danish and English-language search terms. Results: A total of 136 English-language websites and 106 Danish-language websites were included for analysis. Websites were more often categorized as prevention or support sites, academic or policy sites, and against suicide sites than dedicated suicide sites (i.e., pro-suicide sites), or information sites. However, information on methods of suicide was available, and 20.1% and 8.9% of the English and Danish-language sites, respectively, suggested that a particular method of suicide was quick, easy, painless, or certain to result in death. Limitations: Only one author coded and analyzed all websites. A further operationalization of the content analysis checklist is warranted to increase reliability. Conclusion: The websites primarily had a prevention or anti-suicide focus, but information on methods of suicide was available, requiring an increased focus on how to diminish the negative effects of harmful online content.

Guideline for radioimmunotherapy of rituximab relapsed or refractory CD20+ follicular B-cell nonHodgkin´s lymphoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Behr ◽  
F. Grünwald ◽  
W. H. Knapp ◽  
L. Trümper ◽  
C. von Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Background Information ◽  
After Care ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Work Up

Summary:This guideline is a prerequisite for the quality management in the treatment of non-Hodgkin-lymphomas using radioimmunotherapy. It is based on an interdisciplinary consensus and contains background information and definitions as well as specified indications and detailed contraindications of treatment. Essential topics are the requirements for institutions performing the therapy. For instance, presence of an expert for medical physics, intense cooperation with all colleagues committed to treatment of lymphomas, and a certificate of instruction in radiochemical labelling and quality control are required. Furthermore, it is specified which patient data have to be available prior to performance of therapy and how the treatment has to be carried out technically. Here, quality control and documentation of labelling are of greatest importance. After treatment, clinical quality control is mandatory (work-up of therapy data and follow-up of patients). Essential elements of follow-up are specified in detail. The complete treatment inclusive after-care has to be realised in close cooperation with those colleagues (haematology-oncology) who propose, in general, radioimmunotherapy under consideration of the development of the disease.

Nighttime Blue Light Exposure and Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
David Jaynes ◽  
Paul Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Night Shift Work

The purpose of this article is to provide background information and the current understanding of a less familiar cause of female breast cancer; exposure to ultraviolet light at night. Breast cancer is a common disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in women. There are several risk factors for breast cancer, most of which are genetic and environmental in nature. An often-overlooked risk factor is exposure to blue light during night shift work, which decreases melatonin production. One of the many cancer-preventing properties of melatonin is to limit estrogen production. Increased lifetime exposure to estrogen is a well-known cause of breast cancer. Awareness of nighttime blue light exposure as a breast cancer risk factor by women doing night shift work and those exposed to nighttime light via smartphones and laptops, is essential information to know so that protective measures can be taken.

An Adaptive Binarization Method for Cost-efficient Document Image System in Wavelet Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 30401-1-30401-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsien Hsia ◽  
Ting-Yu Lin ◽  
Jen-Shiun Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Image System ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Binarization Method

Abstract In recent years, the preservation of handwritten historical documents and scripts archived by digitized images has been gradually emphasized. However, the selection of different thicknesses of the paper for printing or writing is likely to make the content of the back page seep into the front page. In order to solve this, a cost-efficient document image system is proposed. In this system, the authors use Adaptive Directional Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform to transform image data from spatial domain to frequency domain and perform on high and low frequencies, respectively. For low frequencies, the authors use local threshold to remove most background information. For high frequencies, they use modified Least Mean Square training algorithm to produce a unique weighted mask and perform convolution on original frequency, respectively. Afterward, Inverse Adaptive Directional Lifting-Based Discrete Wavelet Transform is performed to reconstruct the four subband images to a resulting image with original size. Finally, a global binarization method, Otsu’s method, is applied to transform a gray scale image to a binary image as the output result. The results show that the difference in operation time of this work between a personal computer (PC) and Raspberry Pi is little. Therefore, the proposed cost-efficient document image system which performed on Raspberry Pi embedded platform has the same performance and obtains the same results as those performed on a PC.

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