scholarly journals Pesticide occurrence in groundwater in areas of high-density row crop production in Alabama, 2009

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Density ◽  
Row Crop

scholarly journals Assessing the Retention Potential of Conservation Reserve Program Practices in Alabama

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okwudili O. Onianwa ◽  
Gerald C. Wheelock ◽  
Mark R. Dubois ◽  
Sarah T. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Intended Use

Abstract Conservation reserve program (CRP) participants in Alabama were surveyed to determine the probable utilization of CRP acres should the contracts expire without opportunity for renewal. From over 9000 contracts established between 1986 and 1995, 594 contracts were randomly selected and surveyed for the study. Two hundred and fourteen surveys were completed and returned. Of these, 204 (34%) were usable. Results indicate that 90% of CRP tree acres would be retained in trees while nearly 60% of CRP grass acres would be converted to row crop production. In addition, there are no significant differences in the response between the minority and white participants with regard to the intended use of CRP acres. Therefore, for sustained mitigation of soil loss and reduction of excess production capacity, tree planting as a conservation practice choice should be advocated and encouraged. South. J. Appl. For. 23(2):83-87.

scholarly journals Using satellite navigation for seeding of wide-row and narrow-row crops  

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S7-S13
Author(s):  
M. Macák ◽  
M. Žitňák ◽  
L. Nozdrovický
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems

The present paper is aimed at the use of satellite navigation of field machinery during seeding, this operation belonging to the most important field practises. Our attention was focused on the determination of the accuracy of the satellite navigation system based on using the correction signal real-time kinematic and its correct application for planting a wide-row crop (sunflower) and seeding a narrow-row crop (spring barley). The aim of the field experiment was also to specify the level of the necessary accuracy of satellite navigation systems during planting and seeding. The length of seeding/planting equipment was confronted with the accuracy of navigation of individual passes, especially when turning on the headlands. In the conclusion, the importance is highlighted of the automated tractor headland control during satellite navigation of combined field machines in the crop production.

scholarly journals Does the conversion of grasslands to row crop production in semi-arid areas threaten global food supplies?

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Clay ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Kurtis D. Reitsma ◽  
Barry H. Dunn ◽  
Alexander J. Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Semi Arid

Exploring agronomic strategies to improve oat productivity and control weeds: leaf type, row spacing, and planting density

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pufang Li ◽  
Fei Mo ◽  
Defeng Li ◽  
Bao-Luo Ma ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
High Density ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Intermediate Density ◽  
Erect Leaf

The trade-off between crop production and weed control is a fundamental scientific issue, as it is frequently influenced by individual crop competitive ability, population density, and planting pattern. A 2 yr field study was conducted to examine the relationship between planting density and row spacing, using two contrasting oat varieties. On average, high planting density (480 plants m−2) reduced weed biomass at oat maturity by 59% in 2012 and by 56% in 2013, when compared with a low density (120 plants m−2). The droopy-leaf variety suppressed weed biomass by up to 69% and weed density up to 72%, compared with the erect-leaf variety. In a drier year, the greatest grain yield was achieved with the droopy-leaf variety under the intermediate density, while in 2013, the erect-leaf variety under the high density had similar yield to the droopy-leaf variety at the intermediate density. A general trend was that increasing plant density suppressed weed infestation, and promoted crop biomass and yield. The droopy-leaf variety exhibited a strong competitive ability under the intermediate planting density, while the erect-leaf variety had a strong competitive ability under the high density. Taken together, there was a complex variety-by-environment interaction to achieve the balance between crop production and weed suppression, which was mediated by growing-season conditions.

Distribution of herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in row crop production systems in Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Garetson ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Shilpa Singh ◽  
Peter Dotray ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
State Level ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Sites Of Action

AbstractA state-level survey was conducted across major row-crop production regions of Texas to document the level of sensitivity of Palmer amaranth to glyphosate, atrazine, pyrithiobac, tembotrione, fomesafen, and dicamba. Between 137 and 161 Palmer amaranth populations were evaluated for sensitivity to the labelled field rate (1X), and rated as resistant (≤49% injury), less sensitive (50% to 89% injury), or susceptible (90% to 100% injury). For glyphosate, 62%, 19%, 13%, and 13% of the populations from the High Plains, Central Texas, Rio Grande Valley, and Lower Gulf Coast, respectively, were resistant. Resistance to atrazine was more common in Palmer amaranth populations from the High Plains than in other regions, with 16% of the populations resistant and 22% less sensitive. Approximately 90% of the populations from the High Plains that exhibited resistance to atrazine POST also were resistant to atrazine PRE. Of the 160 populations tested for pyrithiobac, approximately 99% were resistant or less sensitive, regardless of the region. No resistance was found to fomesafen, tembotrione, or dicamba. However, 22% of the populations from the High Plains were less sensitive to 1X (93 g ai ha−1) tembotrione, but were killed at 2X, illustrating the background variability in sensitivity to this herbicide. For dicamba, three populations, all from the High Plains, exhibited less sensitivity at the 1X rate (controlled at the 2X rate; 1X = 560 g ae ha−1). One population exhibited multiple resistance to three herbicides with distinct sites of action (SOAs) involving acetolactate synthase, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and photosystem II inhibitors. Palmer amaranth populations exhibited less sensitivity to approximately 15 combinations of herbicides involving up to five SOAs. Dose-response assays conducted on the populations most resistant to glyphosate, pyrithiobac, or atrazine indicated they were 30-, 32-, or 49-fold or more resistant to these herbicides, respectively, compared with a susceptible standard.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Poultry Litter Transportation from Environmentally Sensitive Areas to Delta Row Crop Production

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramu Govindasamy ◽  
Mark J. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive

Arkansas ranks first in broiler production in the USA with more than a billion broilers and 1.5 million tons of litter produced in 1993. Transporting litter from western to eastern Arkansas can accomplish two goals: 1) avoid potential threat to clean water in western Arkansas and 2) can increase productivity of graded lands in the Delta. This paper examines the feasibility of litter transport from areas of high poultry concentrations to the Delta for use as a soil amendment. We establish the conditions for economical litter transport from source to destinations and determine the optimal rates of litter applications. The results suggest that it is economical to transport significant portions of litter.

Using the Rosette Technique for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Row Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Miller ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Standard Practices

Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments.14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Methods of Basic Soil Treatment on its Agrophysical Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Nurbiy Iljasovich Mamsirov ◽  
Yuri Alekseevich Chumachenko ◽  
Asker Cherimovich Udzhuhu ◽  
Kazbek Khalidovich Khatkov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Layer 2

The article presents the results of years of research conducted in order to establish the optimal parameters of agrophysical soil properties with different ways of its treatment in the agrotechnologies of row crop production. The studies were conducted on the following soil treatment systems: plowing the soil to a depth of 25-27 cm (at a stretch (control); chisel soil treatment to a depth of 38-40 cm (at a stretch); surface treatment of the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm (at a stretch); and combined soil treatment system. The study demonstrated the typical relationship between the structure and density of the compact chernozem, different for the seed and the underlying layers. The parameters of the agrophysical indices of the compact chernozem, which are actually attainable over the arable layer and favorable for tilled field crops, have been theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed.It has been found that for compact chernozem with high and persistent water stability (more than 68%) of the soil structure, unfavorable agrophysical indices are characteristic, sharply differentiated according to its layers: 1) the amount of blocky soil suite (structural aggregates of more than 10.0 mm) can reach 55% in the upper and 90% in the underlying layers of the arable layer; 2) the density of the arable layer of the soil is reduced to 0.94 g/cm3, while in the 15-25 cm and 30-40 cm layers it increases to 1.34 g/cm3.A correlation has been found between the density and share of the blocky fraction, negative in the 0-10 cm soil layer, and positive in the deeper layers. With an increase in the share of the blocky fraction, the upper layer of the soil acquires a loose structure (total porosity of above 60%), and the lower layers are compacted with a decrease in porosity to 50%.  

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